Antifungal and Anti-Virulent Activity of Origanum majorana L. Essential Oil on Candida albicans and In Vivo Toxicity in the Galleria mellonella Larval Model

Kaşkatepe, Banu; Erdem, Sinem Aslan; ÖZTÜRK, Şükran; Öz, Zehra Safi; Subasi, Eldan; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Vlainić, Josipa; Kosalec, Ivan

doi:10.3390/molecules27030663

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…EOs which were able to inhibit mycelial growth of P. commune strain KMi–183 with a very good inhibitory effect (over 80%) at 25 ± 1 °C included only cumin (87.46%) and marjoram (81.71%). In addition, other authors confirmed the good, but not better, antifungal activity of cumin EO against fungal species of Aspergillus flavus [ 31 , 32 ] and some fungal species of the genus Penicillium [ 33 ], and antifungal activity of marjoram EO against Candida albicans [ 34 ]. Eucalyptus and bergamot mint EOs showed the lowest inhibitory effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vapor Phase of Selected Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Situ against Penicillium commune, a Common Contaminant of Cheese

Hlebová

Foltínová

Vešelényiová

et al. 2022

Foods

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This study aimed to determine the in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of (14) selected essential oils (EOS), namely clove, thyme, red thyme, litsea, eucalyptus, niaouli, fennel, anise, cumin, basil, rosemary, sage, bergamot mint, and marjoram, by vapor contact against the growth of two strains of Penicillium commune (KMi–183 and KMi–402). Furthermore, to exclude the negative effect of EOs on the lactic acid bacteria (LABs) (Streptococcus spp.) on cheeses, their influence was monitored. Next, the sensory evaluation of cheese treated by EOs was evaluated. The results show that litsea and clove EOs were the most effective in the vapor phase against both tested strains. These EOs were characterized by the highest amount of α- (40.00%) and β-Citral (34.35%) in litsea and eugenol (85.23%) in clove. The antitoxicogenic activity of less effective (in growth inhibition) EOs on cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) production by the tested strains was also observed. The growth of Streptococcus spp. (ranging from 8.11 to 9.69 log CFU/g) was not affected by the EOs in treated cheese. Even though the evaluators recognized some EOs in sensory evaluation by the triangle test, they did not have a negative effect on the taste and smell of the treated cheeses and were evaluated as edible. The antifungal activity of EOs against several types of microscopic fungi and their effect on the sensory properties of treated foods needs to be further tested to achieve the most effective protection of foods from their direct contaminants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vapor Phase of Selected Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Situ against Penicillium commune, a Common Contaminant of Cheese

Hlebová

Foltínová

Vešelényiová

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…It is well known that the immune responses of G. mellonella show similarity with the innate vertebrate immune response; thus, these larvae represent an interesting animal model that can be used to prove the virulence of fungal pathogens and the antifungal activity of new compounds [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. To investigate the role of compound 12 in terms of the Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azole-Based Compounds That Are Active against Candida Biofilm: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Studies

et al. 2022

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Fungal pathogens, including Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and dermatophytes, cause more than a billion human infections every year. A large library of imidazole- and triazole-based compounds were in vitro screened for their antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, A. fumigatus and dermatophytes, such as Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The imidazole carbamate 12 emerged as the most active compound, showing a valuable antifungal activity against C. glabrata (MIC 1–16 μg/mL) and C. krusei (MIC 4–24 μg/mL). No activity against A. fumigatus or the dermatophytes was observed among all the tested compounds. The compound 12 inhibited the formation of C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei biofilms and reduced the mature Candida biofilm. In the Galleria mellonella larvae, 12 showed a significant reduction in the Candida infection, together with a lack of toxicity at the concentration used to activate its antifungal activity. Moreover, the in silico prediction of the putative targets revealed that the concurrent presence of the imidazole core, the carbamate and the p-chlorophenyl is important for providing a strong affinity for lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CgCYP51a1) and the fungal carbonic anhydrase (CgNce103), the S-enantiomer being more productive in these interactions.

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“…Hence, carvacrol prevented biofilm formation, degraded mature C. albicans biofilm, and suppressed various virulence factors of this fungus. Accordingly, carvacrol has the potential to inhibit C. albicans pathogenesis and could be considered in patients with the risk of C. albicans infection or in the with common antifungals was without sufficient success ( Kaskatepe et al, 2022 ). However, for this purpose, further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the carvacrol efficiency in clinical setting and further enhance its activity against Candida biofilm.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species

et al. 2022

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The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms’ resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β–pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.

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Antifungal and Anti-Virulent Activity of Origanum majorana L. Essential Oil on Candida albicans and In Vivo Toxicity in the Galleria mellonella Larval Model

Cited by 19 publications

References 68 publications

The Vapor Phase of Selected Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Situ against Penicillium commune, a Common Contaminant of Cheese

The Vapor Phase of Selected Essential Oils and Their Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Situ against Penicillium commune, a Common Contaminant of Cheese

Azole-Based Compounds That Are Active against Candida Biofilm: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species

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