Antifungal Agents Against &lt;I&gt;Aspergillus niger&lt;/I&gt; for Rearing Rice Leaffolder Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Artificial Diet

Su, Jianya; Wang, Yecheng; Zhang, Shukun; Ren, Xiu-Bei

doi:10.1603/ec13296

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Sorbic acid is generally used as an additive to inhibit the growth of molds and is widely used in insect feed [28,39]. However, sorbic acid has been found to have negative impact on rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) larvae [40]. The sorbic acid level was 14.81-fold higher in AF feces than in MF feces.…”

Section: Certain Metabolites Were More Abundant In the Feces Of The Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Fecal Metabolomes of Silkworms Being Fed Mulberry Leaf and Artificial Diet

Qin

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Insects

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Metabonomics accurately monitors the precise metabolic responses to various dietary patterns. Metabolic profiling allows simultaneous measurement of various fecal metabolites whose concentrations may be affected by food intake. In this study, we analyzed the fecal metabolomes of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae reared on fresh mulberry leaves and artificial diets. 57 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Of these, 39 were up-regulated and 18 were downregulated in the mulberry leaf meal group. Most of the amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids associated with physical development and silk protein biosynthesis were enriched in silkworms reared on mulberry leaves. In contrast, the urea, citric acid, D-pinitol, D-(+)-cellobiose and N-acetyl glucosamine levels were relatively higher in the silkworm feeding on the artificial diets. The findings of this study help clarify the association between diet and metabolic profiling.

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Section: Certain Metabolites Were More Abundant In the Feces Of The Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Fecal Metabolomes of Silkworms Being Fed Mulberry Leaf and Artificial Diet

Qin

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…In 2012, it has been approved as a biopesticide by the US Environmental Protection Agency for its use in enclosed mushroom production facilities to prevent dry bubble disease caused by Lecanicillium fungicola , a devastating pathogen in the mushroom industry. Recently, its efficacy controlling Aspergillus niger contamination in rice leaffolder larvae ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , a Lepidoptera important for rice growth) mass-rearing facilities has been reported (Su et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological production and application of the antibiotic pimaricin: biosynthesis and its regulation

Aparicio

Barreales

Payero

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pimaricin (natamycin) is a small polyene macrolide antibiotic used worldwide. This efficient antimycotic and antiprotozoal agent, produced by several soil bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces, has found application in human therapy, in the food and beverage industries and as pesticide. It displays a broad spectrum of activity, targeting ergosterol but bearing a particular mode of action different to other polyene macrolides. The biosynthesis of this only antifungal agent with a GRAS status has been thoroughly studied, which has permitted the manipulation of producers to engineer the biosynthetic gene clusters in order to generate several analogues. Regulation of its production has been largely unveiled, constituting a model for other polyenes and setting the leads for optimizing the production of these valuable compounds. This review describes and discusses the molecular genetics, uses, mode of action, analogue generation, regulation and strategies for increasing pimaricin production yields.

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“…Azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin were more common in samples labeled as valuable for wildlife and were the primary drivers of higher exceedances in those samples compared to those that were unlabeled. This pattern of use might be explained by the fact that these compounds are fungicides and are not used to target caterpillars, but fungicides do have direct impacts on monarchs and other insects [23][24][25][26][27]. Critically, most of the compounds we detected (including some of the most prevalent) have not been directly tested on monarchs, so harmful levels of contamination are likely underestimated and may be widespread in nursery plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This finding is primarily driven by the fungicides azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, which were both more common in samples labeled as valuable for wildlife. One possible explanation is that these compounds are not intended to target insects and, thus, might not raise a concern when being used, however, fungicides do have direct impacts on monarchs and other insects (Bernauer et al, 2015; Olaya-Arenas et al, 2020; Su et al, 2014; Tsvetkov et al, 2017; Zhu et al, 2014). Critically, most of the compounds we detected (including some of the most prevalent and those with the highest concentrations) have not been directly tested on monarchs, so harmful levels of contamination are likely underestimated and may be widespread in nursery plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milkweed plants bought at nurseries may expose monarch caterpillars to harmful pesticide residues

Halsch

Hoyle

Code

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The decline of monarch butterflies in both the eastern and western United States has garnered widespread public interest. Planting milkweed has been promoted as one action that individuals can take, but very little is known with respect to potential pesticide contamination of store-bought milkweeds during the process of production and transport to market. In this study, we collected 235 milkweed leaf samples from 33 retail nurseries across the US to screen for pesticides. Across all samples, we detected 61 different pesticides with an average of 12.2 compounds per leaf. While most of the compounds have unknown effects on caterpillars, 48 samples contained a pesticide at a concentration that exceeds a published lepidopteran LD50 and 89 contained a pesticide above a concentration shown to have a sub-lethal effect for a monarch. We detected only modest effects of store size and milkweed species; however, plants with labels advertising their value for wildlife were more likely to contain pesticides at concentrations known to have negative effects on monarchs. These results demonstrate the extensiveness of pesticide exposure within nursery milkweeds and the potential impacts on monarch caterpillars and other insects consuming store-bought plants.

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Antifungal Agents Against <I>Aspergillus niger</I> for Rearing Rice Leaffolder Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Artificial Diet

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative Fecal Metabolomes of Silkworms Being Fed Mulberry Leaf and Artificial Diet

Comparative Fecal Metabolomes of Silkworms Being Fed Mulberry Leaf and Artificial Diet

Biotechnological production and application of the antibiotic pimaricin: biosynthesis and its regulation

Milkweed plants bought at nurseries may expose monarch caterpillars to harmful pesticide residues

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