Antifungal Activity of Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds from Different Matrices of Vitis vinifera L. against Human Pathogens

Abstract

Phenolic compounds, the most widely distributed class of natural products in the plants, show several biological properties including antifungal activity. Phenolics contained in grapes can be classified in two main groups, flavonoids and non-flavonoids compounds. Variability and yield extraction of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from different matrices of Vitis vinifera depends of cultivar, climate, soil condition and process technology. Unripe grapes, berry skins and seeds, leaves, canes and stems and not-fermented and fermented pomaces represent large reusable and valuable wastes from agricultural and agro-industrial processes. This review summarizes studies that examine the extraction method, chemical characterization, and antifungal activity of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from edible and non-edible V. vinifera matrices against human fungal pathogens. In the world, around one billion people have fungal diseases related to skin, nail or hair and around 150 million have systemic diseases caused by fungi. Few studies on antifungal activity of plant extracts have been performed. This review provides useful information for the application of V. vinifera phenolics in the field of antifungals for human use.

Application of a Natural Antioxidant from Grape Pomace Extract in the Development of Bioactive Jute Fibers for Food Packaging

“…The presence of polar solvents was reported to have a positive effect for the extraction of compounds from different natural products [ 50 , 51 ]. In fact, organic solvents with water are usually combined in the isolation of bioactive compounds from grapes and their by-products [ 52 , 53 ]. For instance, Kytrité et al [ 54 ] studied the recovery of antioxidant compounds of lingoberry by different SFE techniques (SFE-PLE), among which PLE-ethanol offered better recoveries of polar compounds above PLE-water.…”

Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi L.

“…However, as compared to fruits extract, leaves extract exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity and the highest level of total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins. All bioactive compounds present in plant extracts act synergistically on fungi either by the inactivation of enzymes production, inhibition, or decrease in ergosterol content in filamentous fungi to enhance the overall antifungal activity [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Valorization of Wine-Making By-Products’ Extracts in Cosmetics

“…The extraction process is the first key step towards the recovery of phenolic compounds. The effectiveness of the process relies on the matrices used, the experimental conditions, the type of phenolic compounds to be extracted and the applied method [36]. Aiming to improve the extraction efficacy of polyphenols from grape by-products, different treatment techniques, extraction parameters and solvents have been used and several combinations of polyphenols were recovered.…”