Antifungal Activity of Peptide Fractions from Goat, Mare and Soybean Milk to Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Abstract

Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are pathogenic fungi that could induce disease in animal and human. Limited non-toxic antifungal and the presence of resistance are triggering the search for novel alternative. Antifungal peptides gain more interest since their native protein are very abundant and showed broad spectrum activity. This research was conducted to evaluate antifungal activity of goat, mare and soybean milks hydrolysate and their peptide fraction against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Goat, mare and soybean milk proteins were hydrolyzed using Bacillus thuringiensis protease enzyme. Hydrolysate products were fractionated using molecular weight cut off membrane 30 kDa, 10 kDa, and 3 kDa. Each peptide fraction was assayed for antifungal activity against to Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The result showed hydrolysis of mare milk, goat milk produced bioactive peptides to Candida albicans but less effective to Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Generally, the peptide fractions derived from whole, casein and whey from mare milk showed higher antifungal activity compared to the peptide fraction derived from goat or soybean milk. Whole mare milk peptides fractions with molecular weight >3 kDa were very effective to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans compared to peptide fractions from goat's milk or soybean milk. Peptide fractions >3 kDa from mare casein and whey protein also showed high activity against to Candida albicans, while fractions <3 kDa was more active to inhibit Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the hydrolysates and their peptide fraction from whole milk, casein and whey from mare milk are very potent to be developed as antifungal.