Antifungal activity of Critmum maritimum essential oil and its components against mushroom pathogen Mycogone perniciosa

Abstract

The young shoots and leaves of Critmum maritimum are valued for their salty, spicy taste and for their vitamin C and mineral salts content. The strongly scented essence extracted from the whole plant can be added to food or medicinal wine to stimulate the appetite, aid digestion, and relieve flatulence [1]. The leaves have been used for medicinal purposes as a tonic, an antiscorbutic, diuretic, carminative, and digestive [2]. Essential oil isolated from see fennel exibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities [3], and high insecticidal activities [4]. Previously isolated classes of constituents were essential oils [5,6], coumarins [5,7], and flavonoids [7].We tested the antifungal activity of C. maritimum essential oil against mushroom pathogenic microfungi Mycogone perniciosa Mang.Roots of Critmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae) were collected in Herceg Novi, Montenegro during May 2003. Voucher specimen accession number CM 12505 is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade.Essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation (in Clevenger-type apparatus) of fresh plant material (yield: 1.0%). Essential oils were investigated for their composition by the use of analytical GC/FID and GC/MS technique.Antifungal activity was tested using the modified microatmospheric method [8]. Petri plates measuring 50 mm were filled with 10 mL potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and then seeded with a small amount of 7-day-old mycelium culture of the tested fungi. The Petri dishes were then inverted and the determined amount (1-20 μL/disc) of pure oil and components (1-10 μL/disc) impregnated on sterile filter paper discs (6 mm in diameter) deposited on the inverted lid. Commercial fungicide, Prochloraz-Mn, was used as a negative control (5->50 μL/disc)). Minimal inhibitory quantities (MIQ) and minimal fungicidal quantities (MFQ) of essential oils were noted every 7 days. MIQ and MFQ are reported as the mean ± SD of tree replicates for each concentration (quantities) of oils. The inverted Petri dishes were incubated for 21 days at 25°C.The chemical composition of Critmum maritimum essential oil is listed in Table 1. The two most abundant components were α-pinene (26.29%) and limonene (31.74%) and were used for testing antifungal activity (Table 2).It can be seen that the essential oil and components tested showed much better antifungal activities than the commercial fungicide prochloraz-Mn. The essential oil of C. maritimum possessed antifungal activity with minimal inhibitory quantity at 1 μL/disc and minimal fungicidal quantity at 20 μL/disc. MIQ for α-pinene was 5 μL/disc, and MFQ 10 μL/disc, while limonene showed higher antifungal activity with MIQ 1 μL/disc, and MFQ 5 μL/disc. The essential oil and components showed high antifungal properties, which may be useful for practical purposes.

Land Cover and Soil Properties Influence on Forage Quantity in a Semiarid Region in East Africa

“…is could be attributed to the fact that in woody land cover types, there is often a strong negative dependence of woody cover on soil nitrogen availability [104]. is result is however contrary to the findings of other researchers [105][106][107] that have showed that under conditions of increased nitrogen, the yield of biomass and dry matter are generally high. In the case of the current study, the result observed is attributable to the fact that nitrogen was not a limiting nutrient in the woodlands as results revealed phosphorus limitations.…”

Enhanced inhibition of Aspergillus niger on sedge (Lepironia articulata ) treated with heat-cured lime oil

“…Limonene has been reported to show antifungal activity against some moulds such as mushroom pathogen (Glamoclija et al . ), Aspergillus flavus (Singh et al . ) and Fusarium verticillioides (Dambolena et al .…”

“…Temperature effects on antifungal activities of lime oil and limonene were similar (Table 3) suggesting that limonene was the main antifungal agent in lime oil, which was affected by heat. Limonene has been reported to show antifungal activity against some moulds such as mushroom pathogen (Glamoclija et al 2009), Aspergillus flavus (Singh et al 2010) and Fusarium verticillioides (Dambolena et al 2008). Heat has been reported to influence main components responsible for antifungal activities of essential oils such as trans-anethole in anise oil and diallyl disulfide in garlic oil (Matan et al 2012).…”

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Crithmum Maritimum L. Essential Oil against Stored‐Product Beetle Tribolium Castaneum

“…The sea fennel has many claimed medicinal properties such as antiscorbutic, diuretic, digestive and carminative . The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from C. maritimum has been studied by several researchers from all over the world . Various chemotypes have been identified in the chemical profile of C. maritimum , namely monoterpene hydrocarbon‐types ( α ‐pinene/limonene, sabinene/ γ ‐terpinene/limonene, γ ‐terpinene/sabinene, γ ‐terpinene/sabinene/ β ‐phellandrene, β ‐phellandrene/( Z )‐ β ‐ocimene/ p ‐cymene), aromatic monoterpene‐types (thymol methyl ether/carvacrol methyl ether) and phenylpropanoid‐types (dill apiole, dill apiole/methylchavicol) .…”

“…[44 -52] Various chemotypes have been identified in the chemical profile of C. maritimum, namely monoterpene hydrocarbon-types (α-pinene/limonene, sabinene/γ-terpinene/limonene, γ-terpinene/sabinene, γ-terpinene/sabinene/β-phellandrene, β-phellandrene/ (Z)-β-ocimene/p-cymene), aromatic monoterpenetypes (thymol methyl ether/carvacrol methyl ether) and phenylpropanoid-types (dill apiole, dill apiole/ methylchavicol). [53] Numerous biological activities have been previously ascribed to this EO, such as antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, [50] antibacterial, [54] antifungal, [49] and insecticidal against Culex quinquefasciatus SAY and Spodoptera littoralis. [53] The aim of this study was the valorization of C. maritimum, an abundant and perennial species, and the evaluation of its use as a natural resource to replace hazardous synthetic insecticides.…”