Antifungal Activities and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Combretum Species from Zimbabwe

Mangoyi, Rumbidzai; Mafukidze, Washington; Marobela, Kerstin Andrae; Mukanganyama, Stanley

doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000069

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The antifungal activity of this compound was not investigated against C. albicans in this same study. Therefore, this current study reports the successful isolation of 5-hydroxy-7, 4’-dimethoxyflavone from C. zeyheri leaf extract, which we previously reported to have antifungal activity [11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of plant extracts was previously described [11]. Briefly, 2 kg of C. zeyheri leaves were ground in a two speed blender (Cole Parmer Instrument Co., Vernon Hills, USA) and extracted with 8 L of absolute ethanol at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that Combretum zeyheri had antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. krusei [11]. It showed growth inhibitory activity against C. albicans and C. krusei with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.08 and 0.16 mg/ml respectively using the broth dilution method [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of an antifungal compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone from Combretum zeyheri

Mangoyi

Midiwo

Mukanganyama

2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundCombretum zeyheri, belongs to the family Combretaceae and is one of the most popular herbal plants in tropical and subtropical countries. The leaves of Combretum zeyheri have been used as herbal medicine and have been reported to have pharmacological activity which includes anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anticancer and antioxidant properties. The goal of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize compounds from C. zeyheri leaves which are responsible for its antifungal activity.MethodsThe preliminary isolation of C. zeyheri active compounds was carried out using chromatographic techniques which include sephadex gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The isolated compounds were then investigated for their antifungal activity using broth dilution assay. The combined effect of the most potent compound and an antifungal drug miconazole was investigated using the checkerboard assay. Time-kill assays were conducted for the combinations using the colony counting method. The mechanism of action of 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone as a potent antifungal agent was investigated by determining its inhibitory activity on Candida albicans drug efflux pumps using the ciprofloxacin assay. The ability of 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone to inhibit antioxidant enzymes as well as the biosynthesis of ergosterol were also investigated.ResultsA total of four pure compounds (A-D) were isolated from C. zeyheri leaf extract. Compound B (5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone) was found to be active against Candida albicans using broth dilution method. This compound was also found to have synergistic activity on growth of C. albicans when combined with miconazole, completely inhibiting growth after only 4 hrs of incubation. Analysis of ergosterol content from Candida albicans showed a time-dependent decrease to 91 % and 63 % at 16 and 24 hrs respectively, in cells treated with ½ MIC of 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone. The compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone also showed inhibition of both the drug efflux pumps (with IC50 = 51.64 μg/ml) and the antioxidant enzymes (at 5 μM).ConclusionThe compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone may be partly responsible for the reported antifungal activity of C. zeyheri, and may serve as a potential source of lead compounds that can be developed as antifungal phytomedicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of an antifungal compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone from Combretum zeyheri

Mangoyi

Midiwo

Mukanganyama

2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Miconazole was more potent in reducing the ergosterol content than the ethanolic leaf extracts of C. zeyheri. C. zeyheri leaf extracts were antifungal and these extracts and/or their phytoconstituents inhibited drug efflux from C. albicans (2). Enzymes of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway are important targets of several classes of antifungals used to treat candidiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects ofCombretum zeyheriLeaf Extract on Ergosterol Synthesis inCandida albicans

Mutasa

Mangoyi

Mukanganyama

2014

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

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The in vitro effects of Combretum zeyheri leaf ethanol extract (CZLE) on ergosterol biosynthesis of Candida albicans were investigated by quantifying the ergosterol in C. albicans in the presence and absence of the extract using UV-visible spectrophotometric analyses. Miconazole was used as the positive control. CZLE showed ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition at sub-inhibitory concentration for growth of C. albicans and also at the MIC (0.08 mg.mL −1 ). The decrease in ergosterol in C. albicans cells was dose-dependant with 67%, 79%, and 100% after growing in 20, 40, and 80 μg.mL −1 of CZLE, respectively. CZLE exerted its fungicidal effects by targeting the ergosterol biosynthesis in C. albicans and disrupting the membrane integrity.

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“…In our previous work, the leaves of C. zeyheri were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for the determination of major phytoconstituents namely; alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides [22]. Different constituents of the ethanolic extract of C. zeyheri were separated according to their polarity by solventsolvent partitioning using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol.…”

Section: Phytochemical Screening and Fractionation Of C Zeyheri Ethamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Activity of Combretum zeyheri and its S9 Metabolites against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans

Masengu¹

2014

Microb Biochem Technol

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Citation: Masengu C, Zimba F, Mangoyi R, Mukanganyama S (2014) Inhibitory Activity of Combretum zeyheri and its S9 Metabolites against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. AbstractMedicinal plants are therapeutic resources used by traditional population for health care, thus, it is important to evaluate the mechanism of action of herbal plants so as to validate their efficacy and avoid possible toxic effects. The water and methanol leaf extracts of Combretum zeyheri, medicinal plant from Zimbabwe were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli and Bacillus subtilis using the agar disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the plant extracts were determined using the broth dilution method. Drug transport assays were conducted to test the potential of plant extracts as inhibitors of drug efflux using in Rhodamine 6G. The effect of Combretum zeyheri plant S9 metabolites on growth of Candida albicans was investigated using S9 fractions from 8 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results showed that the plant extract had antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis, with the aqueous extract exhibiting a greater inhibition of growth than the methanol extract. The plant extract also showed inhibitory effects on drug efflux in all the three organisms suggesting that the antimicrobial actions could partly be due to inhibition of drug efflux pumps. The S9 metabolites of C. zeyheri also had an inhibitory effect on growth of C. albicans, suggesting they may be inhibitors of the growth of Candida albicans in vivo. Combretum zeyheri, therefore, has significant antimicrobial activity and, therefore, has a basis for its use in traditional herbal medications for the treatment of a broad range of microbial infections. The antifungal effects may be mediated via both parent extracts and their metabolites.

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Antifungal Activities and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Combretum Species from Zimbabwe

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Isolation and characterization of an antifungal compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone from Combretum zeyheri

Isolation and characterization of an antifungal compound 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone from Combretum zeyheri

The Effects ofCombretum zeyheriLeaf Extract on Ergosterol Synthesis inCandida albicans

Inhibitory Activity of Combretum zeyheri and its S9 Metabolites against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans

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