This content was downloaded from IP address 158.106.208.226 on 30/08/2018 at 07:55Variational study on the cluster glass wave function for the 2D extended t − J model Chung-Pin Chou, Noboru Fukushima, and Ting-Kuo Lee Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, NanKang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan E-mail: tklee@phys.sinica.edu.tw Abstract. By using the variational Monte Carlo approach, we have demonstrated the existence of cluster glass states with a randomly-distributed short-ranged modulations is a natural outcome of the extended t − J models. As shown in our recent paper [1], these glassy states have almost the same energy as the uniform superconducting ground state if the modulation is moderate. Also we show that there are many possible degenerate states within a wide range of variational parameters. Because of the unusual degeneracy in the extended t − J models, random distribution of any defect or impurity in the materials could easily stabilize the glassy state. All these results obtained without introducing extra competing interactions or new order parameters seem to provide an appropriate framework to understand the experiments.
IntroductionIn the context of the broad interest in challenging the properties of the high-T c superconductors, one of the most interesting properties is the possible existence of the stripe state consisting of one dimensional charge-density modulation coupled with spin order [2,3,4]. Many evidences of the presence of the non-superconducting stripe state as the ground state have been reported in several cuprate materials [5,6,7]. Very recently, the high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy has observed unidirectional domains with periodic density of states modulation in two families of Ca 2−x N a x CuO 2 Cl 2 and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ [8,9]. These bond-centered electronic patterns with a width of four lattice constants form the so called electronic cluster glass state with short-ranged modulations. In the theoretical side, Capello et al. [10] recently have found that the periodic resonating-valence-bond (RVB) stripe state could be a good candidate for the ground state in the extended t − J models. In the mean time, we show that the antiferromagnetic (AF) modulation should be also included in the stripe state, and the randomly-distributed modulation could be another possible ground state due to high degeneracy in variational energy [1]. Furthermore, in this paper we will also show that the existence of cluster glass states could be a natural consequence of the extended t − J models.