Antiepileptogenic effects of borneol in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice

Abstract

Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene, can easily cross the blood brain barrier and was found to possess gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) modulatory effect. The present study was aimed at investigating the antiepileptogenic effect of borneol in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling besides its ability to suppress oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Repeated administration of a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) on every alternate day for 4 weeks produced kindling in mice. Borneol (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were given as a pretreatment prior to each PTZ injection during the progression of kindling. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed at the end of the study. Neuronal damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. GFAP was also evaluated in the hippocampus region of the brain by using immunohistochemistry. Borneol significantly suppressed the process of epileptogenesis in PTZ-kindled mice. The biochemical alterations induced by PTZ kindling were ameliorated in borneol-treated animals which was indicated by decreased LPO and increased SOD, GSH, CAT levels. The distinct neuronal damage observed in the kindled group was counteracted by borneol. Furthermore, it decreased the levels of GFAP which was manifested by reduced immunostaining. The above results are suggestive of the antiepileptogenic potential of borneol in the PTZ-induced kindling model of epilepsy, and thus, it could be a prospective molecule in the treatment of epilepsy.

Neuroprotective Effect of Coumarin Nasal Formulation: Kindling Model Assessment of Epilepsy

“…According to Tambe et al (2016) , repetitive administration of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) as a subconvulsant dose on every alternate day (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) induces kindling in mice.…”

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed according to ( Tambe et al, 2016 )on a previously fixed, 5-μm-thick brain sections (consisting 10–12 sections) passing through hippocampus. Sections were dried and fixed on poly- L -lysine coated glass slides at 37°C for 24 h. Xylene was used for de-waxing.…”

Brain-targeted intranasal delivery of dopamine with borneol and lactoferrin co-modified nanoparticles for treating Parkinson’s disease

“…Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene and is widely applied to traditional Chinese medicine (Bhatia et al., 2008 ). It has anti-epileptogenic (Ehrnhofer-Ressler et al., 2013 ) and anti-inflammatory effects (Tambe et al., 2016 ). In particular, it can enhance the brain penetration and transport of other drugs to improve bioavailability and enhance the distribution of drugs across various physical barriers such as the nasal mucosa and the blood-brain barrier (Qi et al., 2013 ).…”

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

“…Carvacryl acetate increases GABA neurotransmitter levels in the hippo-campus [181]. Another important mechanism of EOs compounds is the reduction of seizure-induced inflammation and/or oxidative stress as observed in α-asarone, (-)-verbenone, β-caryophyllene, borneol, carvacryl acetate, eugenol and nerolidol [117,136,158,181,208,235,282]. Some constituents of EOs such as eugenol, terpinen-4-ol and thymol are able to reduce seizures via the modulation of ion channels [206,256,272].…”

“…In addition to these activities in the CNS, Tambe et al [158] showed the antiepileptogenic effect of borneol. The authors proved that borneol (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.)…”