Antiepileptic Effect of<i>Uncaria rhynchophylla</i>and<i>Rhynchophylline</i>Involved in the Initiation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MAPK Signal Pathways in Acute Seizures of Kainic Acid-Treated Rats

Hsu, Hsin Cheng; Tang, Nou Ying; Liu, Chung Hsiang; Hsieh, Ching Liang

doi:10.1155/2013/961289

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a rat model of ischemia, valproic acid at a human equivalent dose of 2919 mg was found to reduce myeloperoxidase and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 staining (Suda et al 2013), the possibility that the failure of valproic acid to reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory markers observed here in the hippocampus was related to the use of a low dose cannot be completely discarded. However, valproic acid administered to rats at a high human equivalent dose (2432 mg) for 3 days also failed to modify the expression of IL-1b and TNF-a in the hippocampus (Hsu et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The anti‐seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in rat hippocampus

Gómez¹,

Buijs²,

Sitges³

2014

Journal of Neurochemistry

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In the present study, the effects of the two classical antiepileptic drugs, carbamazepine and valproic acid, and the non-classical anti-seizure drug vinpocetine were investigated on the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a in the hippocampus of rats by PCR or western blot after the administration of one or seven doses. Next, the effects of the anti-seizure drugs were investigated on the rise in cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inoculation in vivo. To validate our methods, the changes induced by the pro-convulsive agents 4-aminopyridine, pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine were also tested. Finally, the effect of the anti-seizure drugs on seizures and on the concomitant rise in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by 4-aminopyridine was explored. Results show that vinpocetine and carbamazepine reduced the expression of IL-1b and TNF-a from basal conditions, and the increase in both pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. In contrast, valproic acid failed to reduce both the expression of the cytokines from basal conditions and the rise in IL-1b and TNF-a expression induced by LPS. Tonic-clonic seizures induced either by 4-aminopyridine, pentylenetetrazole or pilocarpine increased the expression of IL-1b and TNF-a markedly. 4-aminopyridine-induced changes were reduced by all the tested anti-seizure drugs, although valproic acid was less effective. We conclude that the anti-seizure drugs, vinpocetine and carbamazepine, whose mechanisms of action involve a decrease in ion channels permeability, also reduce cerebral inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, valproic acid administered to rats at a high human equivalent dose (2432 mg) for 3 days also failed to modify the expression of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the hippocampus (Hsu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The anti‐seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in rat hippocampus

Gómez¹,

Buijs²,

Sitges³

2014

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…IL-1β through binding to IL-1R1 and TNFα activate transcription factors such as NF-κB which regulates the synthesis of chemokines, cytokines, enzymes (for example, CoX-2) and receptors (for example, TLRS, IL-1R1, and TNF p55 and p75 receptors) that are involved in epileptogenesis [29] . NF-κB activation can also induce the generation of neurotoxic free radicals; resulting in neuronal apoptosis [30] . In addition, occupancy of IL-1R1 or TLRS results in activation of src tyrosine kinase, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) system with subsequent induction of neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein [31] .…”

Section: Zaki Y ; Et Al…… -596-discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Montelukast Against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Acute Seizures and Kindling in Mice

Abdel-Kader

Khorshid

Motteleb

et al. 2017

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Background: Montelukast, a selective reversible cysteinyl leukotriene1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist, is used in treatment of asthma, exercise induced-bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It was shown to protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Objectives: To examine the possible anticonvulsant effect of montelukast, either alone or in combination with a known antiepileptic drug "valproate" against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Methods: 112 adult male Swiss albino mice were used in the study and divided into two main groups, each containing 5 subgroups (Gp). The first main group "acute PTZ model (PTZ-a)" contains: Gp1 "vehicle-treated group" was injected with saline (10 ml/kg, intraperitoneally "i.p." in a single dose ), Gp2 "acute PTZ-control" injected with a single dose of PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), Gp3 injected with valproate (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before PTZ, Gp4 injected with a single dose of montelukast (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before PTZ and Gp5 injected with both montelukast and valproate 30 minutes before PTZ administration. The second main group "kindling model (PTZ-k)" contains: Gp1 was injected with saline (i.p.) every other day for 17 days, Gp2 "PTZ-kindled control" received 9 PTZ injections in a dose of (40 mg/kg, i.p.) on alternate days for 17 days, Gp3 injected with valproate (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 17 days, 30 minutes before PTZ, Gp4 daily injected with montelukast (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 17 days 30 minutes before PTZ and Gp5 received both montelukast (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and valproate (50 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 17 days, 30 minutes before administration of PTZ. Results: Single and repeated PTZ administration produced stage 4 seizures associated with a significant reduction in the brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH), concomittent with significant elevation in the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), inteleukin1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and leukotriene D4 (LtD4). The use of valproate alone and its combination with montelukast suppressed the incidence of stage 4 seizures in acute PTZ induced convulsion while montelukast, valproate and their combination decreased the percentage of animals reaching stage 4 seizures in kindled mice. In both PTZ acute and kindled models, montelukast, valproate and their combined administration significantly elevated brain level of GSH and significantly decreased brain levels of MDA, IL1β, TNFα and LtD4 as compared to PTZ control groups. Interestingly, co-administration of valproate and montelukast resulted in a significant elevation in the brain level of GSH concomitant with a significant reduction in the brain levels of MDA, IL1β, TNFα and LtD4 as compared to each of the valproate and the montelukast groups in both models. Conclusion: Montelukast, either alone or in combination with valproate protects against PTZ induced seizures via blockade of leukotreine receptors & amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades.

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“…In vitro, 5 μg/μL of rhynchophylline can inhibit the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in dopaminergic neurons and glial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, so as to protect neurons. Rhynchophylline can also inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, then block the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and inhibit its transcriptional function, so as to inhibit the vascular endothelial cell damage caused by intermittent hypoxia [87].…”

Section: Indole Alkaloidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Anti‐Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Alkaloids from Chinese Medical Herbs

Liu

Chen

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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As the spectrum of diseases keeps changing and life pace keeps going faster, the probability and frequency of diseases caused by human inflammatory reactions also keep increasing. How to develop effective anti-inflammatory drugs has become the hotspot of researches. It has been found that alkaloids from Chinese medical herbs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, anticonvulsant, diuretic, and antiarrhythmic effects, among which the anti-inflammatory effect is very prominent and commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other rheumatic immune diseases, but its mechanism of action has not been well explained. Based on this, this paper will classify alkaloids according to structural types and review the plant sources, applicable diseases, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of 16 kinds of alkaloids commonly used in clinical treatment, such as berberine, tetrandrine, and stephanine, with the aim of providing a reference for drug researches and clinical applications. Isoquinoline AlkaloidsIsoquinoline alkaloids are widely distributed in 27 sections of plants, such as Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, and Ranunculaceae [4]. Isoquinoline alkaloids, taking isoquinoline or tetrahydroisoquinoline as the basic parent nucleus, can be divided into 20 categories, including simple isoquinoline, benzylisoquinoline, phenethyl isoquinoline, naphthyl isoquinoline, aporphine, morphine,

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Antiepileptic Effect ofUncaria rhynchophyllaandRhynchophyllineInvolved in the Initiation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MAPK Signal Pathways in Acute Seizures of Kainic Acid-Treated Rats

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

The anti‐seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in rat hippocampus

The anti‐seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression in rat hippocampus

Protective Effect of Montelukast Against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Acute Seizures and Kindling in Mice

Research Progress on Anti‐Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Alkaloids from Chinese Medical Herbs

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