Antiemetic and Myeloprotective Effects ofRhus verniciflua Stokein a Cisplatin-Induced Rat Model

Abstract

Rhus verniciflua Stoke has been commonly used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction diseases. In order to investigate pharmacological properties of Rhus verniciflua Stoke water extract (RVX) on cisplatin-induced amnesia, RVX (0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) was orally administrated for five consecutive days after a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg) to SD rat. Cisplatin injection significantly increased the kaolin intake (emesis) but reduced the normal diet intake (anorexia) whereas the RVX treatment significantly improved these abnormal diet behaviors at both the acute and delayed phase. The serotonin concentration and the related gene expressions (5-HT3 receptors and SERT) in small intestine tissue were abnormally altered by cisplatin injection, which were significantly attenuated by the RVX treatment. Histological findings of gastrointestinal tracts, as well as the proteins level of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), revealed the beneficial effect of RVX on cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. In addition, RVX significantly improved cisplatin-induced myelosuppression, as evidenced by the observation of leukopenia and by histological examinations in bone marrow. Our findings collectively indicated Rhus verniciflua Stoke improved the resistance of rats to chemotherapy-related adverse effects in the gastrointestinal track and bone marrow.

Improvement of Myelopoiesis in Cyclophosphamide-Immunosuppressed Mice by Oral Administration of Viable or Non-Viable Lactobacillus Strains

“…The histological studies of BM during chemotherapy are poorly reported in the literature. However, similar results were only observed with preventive treatment with L. casei CRL431 (15), or with natural compounds derived from herbal plants, like Ginseng or Rhus verniciflua using different models of immunocompromised hosts (34,35). Moreover, our histological results were correlated with the cell total counts and cell morphologically recognizable counts in both BM and blood.…”

Anacardic Acids from Amphipterygium adstringens Confer Cytoprotection against 5-Fluorouracil and Carboplatin Induced Blood Cell Toxicity While Increasing Antitumoral Activity and Survival in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer

“…Several studies have demonstrated the myeloprotective effect of some plant extracts or their active metabolites in chemotherapy. For example, the aqueous extract of R. verniciflua (also from the Anacardiaceae family, such as A. adstringens ) improves the resistance of rats to the adverse effects of chemotherapy in the gastrointestinal tract and the bone marrow [ 5 ]. Similarly, curcumin, a natural polyphenol, increases the tolerance of bone marrow cells to the toxic effects produced by chemotherapy and suppresses the defective hematopoiesis induced by tumor-derived VEGF in a tumor model [ 4 ].…”

“…For example, curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, attenuates CbPt-induced myelosuppression and increases the survival rate of tumor-bearing animals [ 4 ]. Similarly, treatment of rats with extracts from the lacquer tree ( Rhus verniciflua Stoke) improves the resistance of rats to cisplatin chemotherapy-related adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow [ 5 ].…”

D‐methionine improves cisplatin‐induced anorexia and dyspepsia syndrome by attenuating intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1 activity and increasing plasma leptin concentration

“…Moreover, 5‐HT acting on epithelial 5‐HT 3 receptor is involved in cisplatin‐induced anorexia and gastric dysmotility . Hence, cisplatin induces the release of 5‐HT from the small intestine (EC cells) and stimulates 5‐HT 3 receptors on gastrointestinal vagal afferents to initiate the vomiting reflex, gastric distension, and delayed gastric emptying . As shown in Figure A, although the serotonin released from intestinal in our experiments was not measured, cisplatin was able to elevate intestinal TPH‐1 activity, which suggesting the production of serotonin may be increased from intestinal EC cells and contributing to gastrointestinal disorders.…”