Antidiuretic Hormone: Synthesis and Release

Abstract

The sections in this article are: Morphology of Vasopressinergic Neurons Localization Cellular Morphology Glial–Neuronal Interactions Posterior Pituitary Morphology Synthesis of Vasopressin Vasopressin Gene Regulation of Vasopressin mRNA Processing, Packaging, and Transport to the Neural Lobe Release of Antidiuretic Hormone Electrophysiological Characteristics of Vasopressin Neurons Stimulus–Secretion Coupling in the Neural Lobe Dendritic Release Regulation of Vasopressin Secretion Afferents to Magnocellular Vasopressin Neurons Neurochemicals Regulating Secretion Neuropeptides in Afferent Pathways Osmoregulatory Pathways and Mechanisms Pressure/Volume‐Regulatory Pathways Other Ascending Pathways Other Physiological Regulators Steroid hormones

Osmotic Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-β in Rat Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons

“…In the periphery, VP is involved in maintaining osmotic balance by promoting reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts of the renal tubules and in maintaining blood pressure through vasoconstriction. Its synthesis and secretion is, in turn, controlled by plasma osmolality, as well as by blood pressure and volume (Sladek, 2000). On the other hand, the principal functions of OT secreted by the neurohypophysis are related to reproduction: it is essential for milk ejection and is important in promoting established parturition (Russell and Leng, 1998).…”

“…In rats, OT is also natriuretic, involving a stimulatory action on atrial natriuretic peptide secretion (Jankowski et al, 1998) and thus contributes to maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis. Its secretion is also regulated by changes in plasma osmolality (Sladek, 2000).…”

Epithelial Na+ sodium channels in magnocellular cells of the rat supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

“…aldodsterone; vasopressin; oxytocin THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) are synthesized in the magnocellular neurons (MNCs) located within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus and released from the neurohypophysis into the general circulation in response to physiological demands. The secretion of VP increases in response to hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, and hypotension and produces antidiuretic and pressor effects (59). In addition to the well-known effects of OT during parturition and lactation, plasma OT also increases with hyperosmolality and hypernatremia (32) and induces natriuresis (13,31).…”

Modulation of ETB receptor-induced arginine-vasopressin secretion by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-dependent mechanisms in hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants

“…In addition, calcium influx induced by binding of glutamate to the NMDA receptor stimulates production of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase [22]. Once generated, NO preferentially potentiates GABA release, without influencing glutamate release [23].…”