Antidiarrheal activity of methanol extract of Sophora tonkinensis in mice and spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle contraction of isolated jejunum in rabbits

Abstract

Context: In China, the herb Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. (Fabaceae, ST) (Committee of National Pharmacopeia. 2015) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral effects. However, to date, there have been few studies on its gastrointestinal effect. Objective: The gastrointestinal effect of the methanol extract of ST rhizome (STR) was evaluated. Materials and methods: Study was conducted from February to December 2018. In vivo, antidiarrheal activity of STR (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg; orally) in castor oil-induced diarrheal mice was studied. In vitro, the effects of STR (0.01-10 mg/mL) on the isolated tissue preparations of rabbit jejunum were also investigated, the rabbit jejunum stripes were pre-contracted with Ach (10 À5 M), K þ (60 mM) and tested in the presence of STR, the possible spasmolytic effect was analyzed in the pretreatment of the jejunum preparations with STR or verapamil in Ca 2þ -free high-K þ (60 mM) solution containing EDTA. Results: STR (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited antidiarrheal activity. STR (0.01-10 mg/mL) completely relaxed spontaneously contracting, Ach (10 À5 M) and high K þ (60 mM) induced contracted jejunum with an EC 50 value of 0.66 (0.49-0.96), 0.39 (0.28-0.44) and 0.17 (0.10-0.21), similar to verapamil. Concentration-response curves of CaCl 2 could be significantly moved to the right and down in the presence of STR (0.3, 1 mg/mL). Discussion and conclusions: Results suggest the presence of antidiarrheal activity and spasmolytic effects of STR, possibly mediated through Ca 2þ channel blocking activity, providing the pharmacological basis for its traditional uses in gastrointestinal disorders.

Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Activities of the Aerial Parts of Caralluma dalzielii N. E. Brown

“…Acetylcholine is an agonist that cause intestinal smooth muscle contraction by activating the muscarinic M 3 receptors. [41] It induces smooth muscle contraction via inositol phosphate (IP3) pathway, which mediates Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. [42] The extract from the aerial parts of Caralluma dalzielii possesses antispasmodic activity involving cholinergic mechanism.…”

Genus Sophora: a comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives

“…tonkinensis Seeds Aerial parts/seeds Seeds Su et al ( 2018 ), Li et al ( 2019c , 2020a ), Cao and He ( 2020 ), Fu et al ( 2020 ), Quradha et al ( 2021 ) Angiogenesis inhibitors Cytotoxic S. japonica S. mollis S. tomentosa S.secundiflora Leaves Aerial parts Leaves Leaves Elberry et al ( 2020 ), Quradha et al ( 2021 ) Antiproliferative S.Japonica Roots Elberry et al ( 2020 ) Antioxidant S. chrysophylla S. interrupta Leaves Boozari et al ( 2019b ), Rammohan et al ( 2020 ) Roots S. subprostrata Roots Boozari et al ( 2019b ) S. viciifolia Flowers/Leaves/Fruits Lin et al ( 2019a ), Guo et al ( 2020 ) S. japonica Leaves Elberry et al ( 2020 ), Guo et al ( 2020 ) S. tomentosa Roots Chang et al ( 2019a , b ) S. denudata Roots Ledoux et al ( 2018 ) S. exigua Roots ...…”

“…The cytotoxicity effect of different isoflavone glucosides and maackiain ( 172 ), isolated from S. alopecuroides seeds, against MCF-7, Hep3B, HeLa, and H1299 cells was reported (Rong et al 2020 ; Tsai et al 2020 ). The arylbenzofuran, 2-(2′,4′-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,6-methylene dioxybenzofuran ( 192 ), isolated from the roots of PSf and the roots and PSt rhizome, potently inhibited IL-6 production and cytotoxic activity against the KB epidermoid carcinoma cell line (Boozari et al 2019b ; Li et al 2019c ; Jin et al 2020 ).…”

“…The phytoextract of S. tonkinensis rhizoma (PSt) exhibited antidiarrheal activity. The extract (0.01–10 mg mL −1 ) has spasmolytic effect and inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent manner like verapamil (Li et al 2019c ). The relationship between PSt and L-type calcium channel, concentration–response relationship curves of cumulative calcium chloride were determined.…”

“…The relationship between PSt and L-type calcium channel, concentration–response relationship curves of cumulative calcium chloride were determined. The phytoconstituents of Sophora species contained terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and these substances are linked to the antidiarrheal activity (Boozari et al 2019b ; Li et al 2019c ). A combination of PSf extract and a compound from Stevia rebaudiana , stevioside improved the small intestinal lesion score in piglets, alleviate diarrhea and decrease rotaviral shedding in feces (Boozari et al 2019b ; Wang et al 2019a ).…”