Antidiabetic properties of rice and wheat bran—A review

Abstract

A large amount of agricultural wastes is being dumped each year and utilized as animal fodder or biogas production or for compost matter. But if properly processed, the by-products available from them can be used effectively for human consumption which exhibits their more or less lucrative value (Wani, Dar, Gull, & Ariana, 2020). An unprecedented amount of agricultural wastes of almost around 1,000 million tons is produced globally and is getting hiked by 5% annually. The recent trend of its usage has been escalated by increasing the nutritional value of products and making it ready-to-eat for humans, though not sufficient, due to some censorious challenges in the near future. There is a huge growth in the population and hence an additional demand of food has raised the concern of food security. This food loss is not only due to post-harvest loss (PHL) but the loss of collective agro-wastes from milling industries in a large extent that remain unnoticed, and hence are mainly utilized for animal fodder or for other industrial purposes. Some well-known and consumable food crops are rice and wheat, including many other cereals and pulses. The available by-products such as husk and bran can also be used in health complications and therapeutic purposes, and thus have multiple values. (Chakraborty & Budhwar, 2019;

Detection and isolation of typical gut indigenous bacteria in ICR mice fed wheat bran and wheat straw fibre

“…Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw are by-products of the wheat flour industry. Although there are reports of some of the functional properties of WB and wheat straw fibre (WSF) ( Neyrinck et al, 2011 , Neyrinck et al, 2018 , Budhwar et al, 2020 , Demuth et al, 2020 ), large quantities are wasted during the milling process. WB contains approximately 16% w/w proteins, 4.4% lipids, and 65% carbohydrates (of which 43% is dietary fibre); some of these proteins and lipids exhibit unique activities.…”

“…Additionally, WB dietary fibre has been found to contain not only cellulose but also a unique fibre called arabinoxylan ( Demuth et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, there are many reports of the inhibitory effects of WB and whole-grain flour on obesity, diabetes, and colitis ( Budhwar et al, 2020 , Tieri et al, 2020 ).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Flavonolignans from Triticum aestivum Linn. Hull

“…The ethyl acetate fraction showed potent inhibition with 62.11% at 50 µg/mL. Through a detailed phytochemical investigation on this active fraction, we isolated and identified eight compounds, including flavone (1) and flavonolignans (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In this study, we describe the isolation, structural identification, and biological results of these compounds and chemotaxonomy significance.…”

“…In addition, improved varieties of wheat have been steadily developed with a focus on the high functionality of wheat, such as colored wheat grains having a broad range of colors from red to purple with greater antioxidant activity [3]. An interest in the health benefits of whole grain or wheat bran obtained by milling has been increasing in recent years, and several studies have been reported that whole grain or bran of wheat is helpful in improving health and preventing various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and allergies [4][5][6][7][8]. However, there are few reports on the phytochemical and biological study of agro-industrial waste produced after threshing wheat, such as the hull (including spike) and straw.…”

Syringol Isolated From Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn Bran Suppresses Inflammatory Response Through the Down-Regulation of cPLA2, COX-2, IκBα, p38 and MPO Signaling in sPLA2 Induced Mice Paw Edema.

“…During the processes of milling, bran is removed and seed devoid of bran is used for the consumption (Jun, Song et al 2012). E. coracana bran is presumed to be less nutritional, used as a fodder for animals (Budhwar, Chakraborty et al 2020). However, bran of other species from Poaceae family such as Oryza sativa (O. sativa) and Sorghum bicolor (S. bicolor) is rich in medicinally important phytochemicals.…”