Antidiabetic Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata (Indian Olive) Seed Extracts

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Indian olive seed extracts. Plant seeds were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of extracts were carried out. Olea europaea methanolic extract (MEOE) and aqueous extract (AEOE) were orally administered to normoglycemic and alloxan-treated diabetic rats so as to determine their hypoglycemic effect. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed gallic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, and vanillic acid in MEOE. It was found that the methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited the maximum DPPH and alpha-amylase inhibition activities, respectively. MEOE and AEOE exerted a significant decline in the fasting blood sugar in diabetic animals ( p < 0.05 ); however, they did not cause hypoglycemia in nondiabetic animals. Treatment with MEOE and AEOE reduced the aggravated liver and kidney function biomarkers. Aggravated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were restored by treatment with MEOE. Moreover, MEOE improved the count of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, fatty changes, and enlarged sinusoidal spaces in the liver and necrosis of the glomerulus and tubular cells of the kidney in diabetic rats. This study showed that the African olive seed extract effectively managed experimental diabetes and restored the normal functions and histology of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats through the reduction of oxidative stress.

Comprehensive Review of Olea europaea: A Holistic Exploration into Its Botanical Marvels, Phytochemical Riches, Therapeutic Potentials, and Safety Profile

“…Rats with diabetes who were given normal saline alone made-up Group 3, the negative control. The application of MEOE resulted in a dose-dependent recovery of the Langerhans islets, reduced kidney blood vessel inflammation and thrombosis, and lessened glomerulus and tubule necrosis caused by alloxan [ 184 ]. Furthermore, olives are rich in biophenol compounds, providing them with the ability to combat various biological diseases.…”

“…O. europaea subsp. cuspidata (Indian olive) seed extracts were studied by Akhtar et al, (2022) for their antioxidant activities and potential as antidiabetic agents. At a concentration of 1.6 mg/mL, in vitro tests revealed an 82.10% inhibition of α-Amylase.…”

Combination therapy with Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum, and Cicer arietinum exhibited anti-diabetic potential through modulation of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines

“…The level of MDA was determined by TBA method as per the previous procedure [ 32 ]. The absorbance of reactant mixtures was measured at 532 nm.…”

Chemical Characterization and Ameliorating Effect of Centratherum anthelminticum Extract against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Wistar Rats

“…The CAT activity was stated in U/mg of protein. Indeed, one CAT activity unit was equal to 1 M of hydrogen peroxide decomposed per min at 25°C [ 28 ].…”