Antidiabetic Phytochemicals From Medicinal Plants: Prospective Candidates for New Drug Discovery and Development

Abstract

Diabetes, a chronic physiological dysfunction affecting people of different age groups and severely impairs the harmony of peoples’ normal life worldwide. Despite the availability of insulin preparations and several synthetic oral antidiabetic drugs, there is a crucial need for the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic drugs because of the development of resistance and side effects of those drugs in long-term use. On the contrary, plants or herbal sources are getting popular day by day to the scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies all over the world to search for potential bioactive compound(s) for the discovery and development of targeted novel antidiabetic drugs that may control diabetes with the least unwanted effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we have presented the prospective candidates comprised of either isolated phytochemical(s) and/or extract(s) containing bioactive phytoconstituents which have been reported in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies possessing noteworthy antidiabetic potential. The mode of actions, attributed to antidiabetic activities of the reported phytochemicals and/or plant extracts have also been described to focus on the prospective phytochemicals and phytosources for further studies in the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Root of Solanum incanum Linnaeus (Solanaceae) in Mice

“…The standard medicine has been shown to have antidiabetic action, possibly through enhancing insulin release from pancreatic β -cells and inhibiting glucagon secretion [ 43 ]. Flavonoids and tannins obtained from natural products have been shown to induce insulin release from pancreatic β -cells [ 44 ]. Since these secondary metabolites exist in S. incanum L. root extract, the test extract's hypoglycemic activity could be attributed to a mechanism similar to that of glibenclamide.…”

Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch.: An Unexploited Eastern Asian Species from the Center of Biodiversity

“…Their pharmacological activities and respective mechanism of actions are established through various experimental approaches such as in vitro, in vivo, in silico studies etc. (Emon et al, 2020a;Islam et al, 2022b;Chakrabarti et al, 2022;Ashrafi et al, 2022;Sultana et al, 2022). Few important phytochemicals from this plant and their mode of actions have been presented in figure 3.…”

“…Other prospective phytochemicals and their pharmacological actions: Phytochemicals are major sources of novel therapeutics as well as the driving forces of plants to exert their pharmacological actions (Alam et al, 2020;Emon et al, 2021a;Alam et al, 2022). Thus, nowadays several phytochemicals have been evaluated to validate their pharmacological potentials in order to launch new drugs actions (Alam et al, 2021a;Alam et al, 2021b;Emon et al, 2021b).…”

Angiogenic and osteogenic effects of flavonoids in bone regeneration

“…Plant‐derived antidiabetic drugs, including berberine, curcumin, and quercetin, have positively affected bone regeneration. For instance, berberine regulated glucose homeostasis by reducing gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress (Alam et al, 2022). Berberine alleviated the high glucose inhibition of osteogenesis (Sharifi et al, 2020).…”