Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Momordica charantia L. foliage extract

Abstract

Context: Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) is extensively distributed in tropical areas, and it is traditionally used as antidiabetic. Nevertheless, few studies supporting the metabolic effects of its foliage extracts have been reported elsewhere. Aims: To evaluate the effects of M. charantia foliage extract (MCh) on blood glucose and lipids levels in animal models of hyperglycemia. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties together with the acute toxicity and genotoxic effects were also assessed. Methods: An MCh powder was obtained by spray-drying techniques. The anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of MCh were evaluated in the glucose tolerance test and the alloxan-induced diabetes, respectively. The in vitro and ex vivo MCh antioxidant effects were assessed against the 2,2´-azinobis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The MCh anti-inflammatory effects were also assessed together with its toxicological profile by means of the Acute Toxic Class Method, and the chromosome aberration assay. Results: MCh administered orally diminished the glucose and lipids levels in normoglycemic healthy rats and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Strong in vitro free radical scavenging effects was demonstrated by MCh against ABTS, peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. The extract also improved the free radical scavenging ability of diabetic mice serum. Moreover, MCh reduced the weight of cotton-induced granulomas in mice, the exudate volume, and its leukocyte counts in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats. Very low MCh toxicity was also verified. Conclusions: The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities here observed make the spray-drayed powder from M. charantia foliage extract an interesting alternative for the correction of diabetes and its complications.

Neem seed oil improves redox imbalance and exhibits antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes

“…Also, studies have shown reduced levels of these antioxidants and/or an increased extent of membrane peroxidation in diabetes mellitus (Nurdiana et al, 2017;Parra et al, 2021;Saliu et al, 2019). In the present study, increases in pancreatic membrane peroxidation and reductions in hepatic GSH levels in diabetic animals were significant, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress (Nurdiana et al, 2017;Parra et al, 2021). Furthermore, the activities of all endogenous enzymes (GPx, SOD, and glutathione S-transferase, GST) were suppressed.…”

“…Reductions in the activities of major endogenous antioxidant enzymes, namely glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a significant decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio were found in the blood mononuclear cells of obese individuals and prediabetics (Korac et al, 2021;Monzo-Beltran et al, 2017). Also, studies have shown reduced levels of these antioxidants and/or an increased extent of membrane peroxidation in diabetes mellitus (Nurdiana et al, 2017;Parra et al, 2021;Saliu et al, 2019). In the present study, increases in pancreatic membrane peroxidation and reductions in hepatic GSH levels in diabetic animals were significant, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress (Nurdiana et al, 2017;Parra et al, 2021).…”

LC-MS Analysis, Computational Investigation, and Antimalarial Studies ofAzadirachta indicaFruit

“…Any extract tolerated by mice at a dose of up to 5000 mg/kg without any toxicity signal can be considered nontoxic and safe. 54,55 Considering the fact that administration of up to 5000 mg/kg, doses of the ethanolic extract A indica fruit produced neither death, skin changes, aggressiveness, diarrhoea, restiveness, seizures, dizziness, weakness, or withdrawal from food or water. Hence, it may be concluded that the extract tested was not toxic.…”

Recent Advances in the Microencapsulation of Essential Oils, Lipids, and Compound Lipids through Spray Drying: A Review

“…In food applications, they are used due to their antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antifungal characteristics. On the other hand, in the pharmaceutical industry, health benefits are sought in various diseases such as cancer [ 157 , 158 , 159 ], stress, antisicosis [ 160 ], obesity [ 161 , 162 ], diabetes, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory [ 163 ], tuberculosis [ 164 ], the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin [ 165 ], and acne [ 166 ].…”