E nvironmental pollution is a global issue caused by factors like population growth, economic growth, deforestation, agricultural development, urbanization, and industry. Heavy metals are essential for life's development and survival, while trace elements are found in small concentrations in biological systems (Stankovic and Stankovic, 2013). Concern over the declining quality of the environ-ment led to the implementation of a considerable number of experiments on trace elements. In plants, animals, and humans, the elementary constituents are divided into major and trace elements, with the latter category including both essential and non-essential elements; such as toxins (Asati et al., 2016). Heavy metals are dangerously prevalent in the environment and are considered useless to humans, as there is no specific and known mechanism for maintaining their homeostasis (Ding et al., 2021;Vieira et al.,