Antidiabetic effect of gemigliptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with Bayesian inference through a quality management system

Abstract

Gemigliptin is one of the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors developed by LG Life Sciences. Since the early 2000s, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of gemigliptin have been conducted. However, no study has directly compared its antidiabetic effects through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, in this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on RCTs. In particular, a subsequent meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian inference, and an updated quality management system model was integrated throughout our study. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostatic model assessment beta cell function (HOMA-β), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were evaluated for the efficacy outcomes of gemigliptin as compared to those of placebo and other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). In conclusion, we found that gemigliptin was superior to placebo and comparable to other OADs in terms of the effect on HbA1c, FPG, HOMA-β, and LDL. Further, gemigliptin was more effective than other OADs in HbA1c and HOMA-β in Bayesian inference analysis and statistically significant to other OADs in HbA1c and HOMA-β in sensitivity analysis excluding metformin. However, to confirm the results, more studies need to be analysed and the minimum clinically important difference must be applied.

Efficacy of potassium-competitive acid blockers vs. proton pump inhibitors on gastric ulcers: Bayesian and frequentist network meta-analysis with cross-inference through a quality management system

“…Third, in addition to the cross-inference veri cation method, in our systematic review with NMA, to maintain the quality of the review, the ve main steps (protocol development, data search and extraction, quality assessment of each RCT, data management, and statistical analysis), a cross-checking system was performed from the rst to the nal step of each stage. In our system model structure, two independent reviewers performed cross-checking for quality control of the dataset from the Cochrane RCT data extraction form to the data management stage 26,27 . So our method is different from the traditional NMA, and it is suggested that a rigorous validation method of procedure.…”

Synthetic Approaches for Pharmacologically Active Decorated Six-Membered Diazines

“…Polysubstituted pyrimidines received sub-special attention due to their pronounced physiological activity. (1), Stavudine (2); antiviral like Trifluridine (8), Emtricitabine (9,15); antifungal like Voriconazole (11) Flucytosine (Ancobon) (10); antihistamine H4 receptor (12 and 13), antibacterial (16), cholesterol lowering agent Rosuvastatin (Crestor) (17); antitumor agents like fluorouracil (3), Tegafur (4), Carmofur (5), 5-Fluorouridine (6), Capecitabine (7), ENMD-2076 (14), Imatinib (18), Nimustine (19), Monastrol (20), Pazopanib (21), Brigatinib (22), Spebrutinib (23), Ceritinib (24), AP26113 (25), Spebrutinib (26), phosphoryl derivative (pho-DPPYs) (27), Rociletinib (28), Osimertinib (29), Olmutinib (30), Remibrutinib (LOU064) (31), Evobrutinib (32), Vecabrutinib (34). monoaminomonocarbon (2 N, 4C), iii) 2,4-dicarbon (2,4-diC), iv) 2,4monoaminomonooxo (2 N, 4O), v) 2,4-monoaminomonothio (2 N, 4S), vi) 2,4monothiomonoamino (2S, 4 N), vii) 2,4-monothiomonocarbo (2S, 4C) and so on.…”

“…This "privileged scaffold" and "derivatives" either as substituted or as fused systems gain wide interest due to plentiful biological activities reported over the years. Those versatile biological activities include (and not limited to) modulation of myeloid leukemia (for example imatinib, Dasatinib and nilotinib are pyrimidine-based drugs and well established treatments for leukemia) [1,2], breast cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [3], antimicrobial [4], antifungal [5], antiparasitic [6], diuretic [7], antitumor [8][9][10][11][12][13], antifilarial [14], DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors [15], antitubercular agents [16], antimalarial [17] and antiplasmodial [18], anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities [19][20][21], anti-HIV [5,22,23], cardiovascular agents and antihypertensive [24,25], antiulcer agents [18], hair disorders activities [26], calcium-sensing receptor antagonists, DPP-IV inhibitors [27,28], antidiabetic [29], potent adenosine A2a receptor agonistic or antagonist action [30], TLR8 or [15] or interferon beta (IFN-β) modulators [31], vascular relaxation for ocular ciliary artery and neuroprotection on retinal ganglion cell [32], 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and coronary heart disease therapeutics [33], anticancer [8,[34]…”

“…Figure 1.Examples of chemical structures of bioactive pyrimidine-based derivatives. Pyrimidine heterocyclic rings found in potent anti-HIV agents like zidovudine (1), Stavudine (2); antiviral like Trifluridine(8), Emtricitabine(9,15); antifungal like Voriconazole (11) Flucytosine (Ancobon)(10); antihistamine H4 receptor(12 and 13), antibacterial(16), cholesterol lowering agent Rosuvastatin (Crestor)(17); antitumor agents like fluorouracil (3), Tegafur (4), Carmofur (5), 5-Fluorouridine(6), Capecitabine(7), ENMD-2076(14), Imatinib(18), Nimustine(19), Monastrol(20), Pazopanib(21), Brigatinib(22), Spebrutinib(23), Ceritinib(24), AP26113(25), Spebrutinib(26), phosphoryl derivative (pho-DPPYs)(27), Rociletinib(28), Osimertinib(29), Olmutinib(30), Remibrutinib (LOU064)(31), Evobrutinib(32), Vecabrutinib(34).…”

In-lab synthesized turn-off fluorescence sensor for estimation of Gemigliptin and Rosuvastatin polypill appraised by Spider diagram, AGREE and whiteness metrics

“…Gemigliptin (GEM) is one of the latest developed long-acting competitive dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors with selective action and high potency 6 . It is chemically known as (3S)-3-amino-4-(5,5-difluoro-2-oxopiperidino)-1-[2,4-di(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d] pyrimidin-7-yl]butan-1-one (Fig.…”