Antidiabetic Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves Depends on the Contents of Antihyperglycemic Flavonoids and Antihyperlipidemic Triterpenoids

Abstract

Cyclocarya paliurus has been used commonly to treat diabetes in China. However, the effective components and the effect of plant origin remain unclear. In this study, C. paliurus leaves with different chemical compositions were selected from five geographical locations, and their effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated with both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Glucose levels, lipid levels, and biomarkers of liver and kidney function were measured. The principal components of both C. paliurus ethanol and aqueous extracts from different geographical locations differed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that C. paliurus extracts with better antihyperglycemic effects were characterized by higher contents of total flavonoids, especially quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, significantly negative correlations were found between triterpenoids contents and lipid levels. These results revealed the potential antihyperglycemic capacity of C. paliurus flavonoids and the antihyperlipidemic effect of C. paliurus triterpenoids. Thus, we suggest that the composition of C. paliurus compounds might help to design therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, geographic origins and the extraction solvents can also affect the effectiveness of the treatment as these factors influence the chemical compositions and thereby the biological activities.

A Comprehensive Assessment of Bioactive Metabolites, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja Leaves

“…Previous studies had revealed that the abundant phytochemicals in the extracts of C. paliurus leaves are responsible for these bioactivities. For instance, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of C. paliurus were ascribed to the flavonoids and triterpenoids in its extracts respectively [13], while polysaccharides isolated from the water extracts of C. paliurus exhibited hypolipidemic effects and antiproliferation effects on HeLa cell through cell-cycle arrest in the S phase [14,15]. Additionally, C. paliurus polysaccharides showed significant scavenging capacity on 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at IC 50 value of 52.3 µg/mL [16].…”

“…Polysaccharide content and antioxidant activity of water extracts of C. paliurus leaves collected from different populations were investigated in previous studies [14,17]. Moreover, no polysaccharide was found in the ethanol extracts [13]. In this context, it is crucial to study the bioactive components belonging to phenolics or triterpenoids for antioxidant and antitumor potentials in C. paliurus leaves.…”

“…Geographical origin has a pivotal impact on phytochemicals and biological activities. The contents of polysaccharide, phenolics, triterpenoid and their antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in C. paliurus leaves have been reported to vary with different geographical locations [13,17,18,20]. Phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anticancer activities in plant extracts also vary with extraction solvents such as water, aqueous mixtures of ethanol, ethanol and methanol [21,22].…”

Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Cyclocarya paliurus across China

“…Such a wide-range distribution (a broad gradient of both altitude and temperature) provides an opportunity to validate the hypothesis of temperature-plant physiological stoichiometry [25,26]. The nutritional status of C. paliurus in both plantations and natural forests has been investigated due to its importance in providing food and drug ingredient for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension [27][28][29][30]. In recent years, cultivation techniques including optimizing soil (NPK fertilizer used) and light environment have also been carried out to improve plant growth and yield of targeted health-promoting substances [31][32][33][34].…”

Effect of Opuntia Elatior on Alteration in Blood Glucose Level Induced by Gamma Radiation in Mice

“…(Table 3) When anova test applied, it was observed that in acetone extract treatment with days found less significant and treatment without days found moderately significant and only days without any treatment found highly significant. (Table 4) 17 proved blood sugar reducing potency of Cyclocarya paliurus. They reported that drug was effective after 28 days of administration to mice…”