Antidiabetic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr Seeds

Abstract

Introduction: The seeds of B. javanica are known as herbal material for anticancer, antimalaria and antiamoeba. Limited report is available on their antidiabetic and antibacterial properties. Methods: Methanol (ME) and Ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) were studied for their inhibition activities on α-glucosidase in vitro, including combination of ME with acarbose and inhibition mechanism. Antibacterial activity was tested by well diffusion and microdilution methods. The extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant property by DPPH assay, as well as their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Results: ME exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC 50 271.97 µg/ml) compared to EAE and acarbose (IC 50 of 1745.05 and 823.99 µg/ml, respectively). A low dose of ME gave an additive inhibition on α-glucosidase when combined with acarbose. By a kinetic analysis, ME was found to inhibit α-glucosidase in a mixed-type inhibition. Both ME and EAE showed strong antibacterial activities against gram negative and positive bacteria. The strongest inhibition was observed against C. violaceum and S. mutans for ME (MIC of both 0.387 mg/ml) and P. aeruginosa for EAE (MIC 2.938 mg/ml). Both extracts showed weaker antioxidant activities than standards; IC 50 664.73 and 4225.40 µg/ml, respectively. ME was rich in phenolics (277.54 mg GAE/100 g DW), unlike EAE (1.86 mg GAE/100 g DW). Conclusion: This study can recommend B. javanica seeds as a source for antidiabetic and antibacterial agents. Combination with acarbose may have important role for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

The Stem Infusate and Ethanol Extract of Physalis angulata Inhibitory Activities against a-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase

“…INPA and EEPA were determined for their phenolic contents based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method as reported previously. 11 In brief, sample (0.5 mL) was mixed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (10% v/v, 2.5 mL), and left to stand for 10 mins. The mixture was then added with Na 2 CO 3 (75 g/L, 2.5 mL) and incubated at room temperature for 2 h. The absorbance was measured at 765 nm.…”

“…α-Glucosidase inhibition activity of INPA and EEPA was determined based on a reported method. 11 In this method, p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used as a substrate and acarbose was used as a reference inhibitor. Sample of different concentrations (50 µL) was mixed with α-glucosidase (0.5 U/mL, 50 µL) and phosphate buffer (50 mM pH 6.8, 50 µL).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brucea javanica Fruit

“…Brucea javanica has been shown to have activities such as antitumor 20 , antidiabetic 21 , antihyperlipidemic 22 , antioxidant, and antibacterial 23 .…”

A mechanistic review of plumbagin effects againts diabetes and obesity

“…Plants remain the primary source for the discovery and development of antidiabetic and antiobesity agents 10,11 . Studies related to pure compounds of plant origin have shown promising responses against diabetes and obesity [12][13][14] .…”