Antidiabetic and antiglycation potential of zinc nanoparticles encompassed Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. extract

Abstract

The green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles has a wide range of applications in modern science due reduced toxicity with increased drug efficiency. In the current study, zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) were synthesised from the antidiabetic plant, G. sylvestre as a capping and reducing agent. The obtained Zn NPs were examined using techniques including UV-Vis, FTIR, and HR-TEM. Zn NPs were investigated for their potential as antidiabetics and capability to prevent protein glycation in vitro. The UV-vis absorption spectrum displays an absorption band at 374 nm, which gives confirmation of synthesised zinc nanoparticles. According to the results from FTIR spectral studies, the presence of various bioactive compounds capped on the surface of Zn nanoparticles was confirmed. HR-TEM micrographs show that the particles were highly mono-dispersed in needle shape. The antioxidant potential of aqueous leaf extract and Zn NPs were measured using the free radical (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-DPPH) scavenging activity. Zn NPs show the most powerful antioxidant activity when compared to aqueous leaf extract of G. sylvestre and was similar to that of ascorbic acid as a standard. Accordingly, the main focus of this study was the alpha amylase inhibition of Zn NPs obtained from the leaves of G. sylvestre plant. The result showed that Zn nanoparticles exhibited higher -amylase inhibition activity when compared with G. sylvestre extracts. The percentage of inhibition indicated a concentration-dependent reduction. In addition, bovine serum albumin-fructose assay revealed that Zn NPs significantly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end (AGEs) products when compared to aqueous plant extract. These results provide evidence that Zn NPs mediated by G. sylvestre inhibit the -amylase enzyme as well as the formation of AGEs. Biogenic Zn NPs synthesised from G. sylvestre leaves is an exemplary therapeutic mediator to deliver zinc, have significant implications in the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes mellitus.