Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Pandan Tikar (Pandanus tectorius) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic White Male Rats

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the body's incapacity to use insulin or the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin. Pandan tikar falls under pandanaceae which known for its benefits. Chemical compounds in pandan tikar leaves showed that it has a lot of medicinal activities, one of them is to lower glucose blood level in diabetes mellitus. Object: This study aimed to understand the activity of ethanolic extract of pandan tikar leaves as antidiabetic agent in white male rats which induced by alloxan. Material and Methods: This study used a pretest-posttest design, using 25 Wistar white male rats. Then the rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of 5 rats. Group I, a positive control, was given glibenclamide with a dosage of 0.45 mg/kg BW. For the negative control, Group II, Na-CMC 1% was used. The test groups were Group III, IV, and V, and each received an ethanolic extract of pandan tikar leaves with various dosages. Group III received a dosage of 125 mg/kg BW, group IV 250 mg/kg BW, and group V 375 mg/kg BW. The rats were conditioned in diabetic stage by using alloxan 150 mg/kg bw as an inducer, given intraperitoneally, then each rats treated accordingly to their own group for 14 days. The determination of blood glucose level was done enzymatically using glucometer. Result: The result showed that ethanolic extract of pandan tikar leaves able to lower the glucose blood level and not significantly different from glibenclamide. The most optimal dose of pandan tikar leaves ethanolic extract is 375 mg/kg bw, with decrease percentage is 56.72%. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of pandan tikar leaves has antihyperglicemic ability on alloxan-induced diabetic white male rats.