Antidepressant-like effects of dietary gardenia blue pigment derived from genipin and tyrosine

Li, Kuang-Dai; Yan, Kuo; Wang, Qiang-Song; Tian, Jun-Sheng; Xu, Dong; Zhang, Wenyan; Cui, Yuan‐Lu

doi:10.1039/c9fo00480g

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Additionally, the activity of the HPA axis is also regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, which can easily cross BBB and exert their effects through various cytokine receptors [9]. In Li's study, elevated CORT levels were observed in the plasma and hippocampus after the administration of LPS [189]. It has also been indicated that an intraperitoneal injection of IL-1 administered to rats activated the HPA axis by increasing the ACTH and corticosterone levels in plasma [190].…”

Section: Chm Effects On the Neuroendocrine-immune Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Huang

Zhang

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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The neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems are two critical biological systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system commonly coexist in patients with depression and that these two systems bidirectionally regulate one another through neural, immunological, and humoral intersystem interactions. The neuroendocrine-immune network poses difficulties associated with the development of antidepressant agents directed toward these biological systems for the effective treatment of depression. On the other hand, multidrug and multitarget Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has great potential to assist in the development of novel medications for the systematic pharmacotherapy of depression. In this narrative essay, we conclusively analyze the mechanisms of action of CHM antidepressant constituents and formulas, specifically through the modulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network, by reviewing recent preclinical studies conducted using depressive animal models. Some CHM herbal constituents and formulas are highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action at both the molecular and systems levels are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalk of these two biological systems and the systems pharmacology approach for understanding the system-wide mechanism of action of CHM on the neuroendocrine-immune network in depression treatment. The holistic, multidrug, and multitarget nature of CHM represents an excellent example of systems medicine in the effective treatment of depression.

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Section: Chm Effects On the Neuroendocrine-immune Networkmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Huang

Zhang

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Further, crocin significantly increases the expression of p-CREB, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the rat hippocampus [ 13 ]. Our previous research showed that Yueju pills [ 14 ] and gardenia [ 15 ] have antidepressant effects, with gardenia yellow pigment (GYP, a collection of compounds with shared structure of crocin) being one of the constituents responsible for their antidepressant efficacy [ 16 ]. Transcriptomic analyses detected a unique upregulation of hippocampal PACAP expression post Yueju (unpublished).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Crocin against Depression via Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

Wang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Depression is one of the foremost psychological illness, and the exact mechanism is unclear. Recent studies have reported that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling pathway is involved in the progression of depression. In the present study, we extracted crocin from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, to evaluate its antidepressant effect and clarify the underlying mechanism. Here, we established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model to assess whether crocin can improve depression-like behavior in an open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). A corticosterone (CORT) model of PC12 was set up to explore the antidepressant mechanism of crocin. We pretreated PC12 cells with crocin for 1 hour and then stimulated the cells with CORT for 24 hours. Cell survival was detected by Hoechst staining and MTT assay. The expression of PACAP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) were analyzed by western blotting. PACAP RNAi was used to interfere with PC12 cells to downregulate the content of PACAP. The results showed that crocin (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed the decrease of body weight and elevation of serum CORT, mitigated CUMS induced depression-like behaviors of mice, and crocin (12.5 μmol/L) protected PC12 cells against CORT (200 μmol/L)-induced injury. Furthermore, crocin greatly increased the protein expression of PACAP and phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in the CORT model. PACAP RNAi cancelled the neuroprotective effect of crocin. In conclusion, these results indicated that crocin exerted an antidepressant effect via upregulating PACAP and its downstream ERK and CREB signaling pathways.

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“…Similar results are reported in a previous publication that cytokine responses to LPS are age- and tissue-dependent in neuroendocrine tissues of neonatal pigs ( 33 ). Some previous studies on mice or rats have shown that ACTH attenuated LPS-induced systematic inflammatory response ( 34 , 35 ). For example, it was reported that treatment with ACTH ( 1 – 24 ) sympathectomy attenuated LPS-induced increases of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the plasma of rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stress Response Simulated by Continuous Injection of ACTH Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Porcine Adrenal Gland

et al. 2020

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On modern farms, animals are at high risk of bacterial invasion due to environmental stress factors. The adrenal gland is the terminal organ of the stress response. The crosstalk between adrenal endocrine stress and innate immune response is critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis during inflammation. Thus, it's important to explore whether stresses play a pivotal role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in the porcine adrenal gland. Thirty-days-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly allocated into four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including ACTH pretreatment (with or without ACTH injection) and LPS challenge (with or without LPS injection). Each group consisted of six male piglets. The results showed that our LPS preparation alone induced mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, COX-2, TLR2, TLR4, and GR ( P < 0.05). ACTH pretreatment downregulated the TLR2 mRNA and IL-6 protein level induced by our LPS preparation significantly ( P < 0.05) by one-way ANOVA analysis. Treatment with LPS alone extremely significantly decreased ssc-miR-338 levels ( P < 0.01). Interaction of ACTH × LPS was significant for cNOS level ( P = 0.011) and ssc-miR-338 expression ( P = 0.04) by two-way ANOVA analysis. The LPS treatment significantly downregulated cNOS levels ( P < 0.01), which was significantly attenuated by ACTH pretreatment ( P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide alone did not affect ssc-miR-146b expression levels compared to that in the vehicle group. However, ACTH pretreatment in combination with LPS significantly increased this micro-RNA expression ( P < 0.05). TLRs 1–10 were all expressed in adrenal tissue. The LPS challenge alone induced remarkable compensatory mitochondrial damages at the ultrastructural level, which was alleviated by ACTH pretreatment. Accordingly, ACTH pretreatment was able to block LPS-induced secretion of local adrenal cortisol ( P < 0.05). Taken together, our results demonstrate that ACTH pretreatment seems to attenuate LPS-induced mitochondria damage and inflammation that decreased cNOS activity in the adrenal gland and ultimately returned local adrenal cortisol to basal levels at 6 h post LPS injection.

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Antidepressant-like effects of dietary gardenia blue pigment derived from genipin and tyrosine

Abstract: Gardenia blue pigments derived from genipin reacting with amino acids have antidepressant effect.

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network

Beneficial Effects of Crocin against Depression via Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

Stress Response Simulated by Continuous Injection of ACTH Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Porcine Adrenal Gland

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