Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Llorens‐Martin, María; Tejeda, Gonzalo S.; Trejo, José Luís

doi:10.1038/npp.2011.134

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…EE increases AHN both in combination and in the absence of physical activity. In addition to the pro-proliferative actions of physical activity, EE is also a pro-survival stimulus and it triggers the maturation of newborn neurons (Llorens-Martin et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Regulation Of the Morphological Maturation Of Newborn Neuronmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology

2016

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Newborn neurons are continuously added to the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood. In this review, we analyze the maturational stages that newborn granule neurons go through, with a focus on their unique morphological features during each stage under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In addition, the influence of deleterious (such as schizophrenia, stress, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, stroke, inflammation, dietary deficiencies, or the consumption of drugs of abuse or toxic substances) and neuroprotective (physical exercise and environmental enrichment) stimuli on the maturation of these cells will be examined. Finally, the regulation of this process by proteins involved in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), Glucocorticoid receptor, pro-inflammatory mediators, Presenilin-1, Amyloid precursor protein, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), among others, will be evaluated. Given the recently acquired relevance of the dendritic branch as a functional synaptic unit required for memory storage, a full understanding of the morphological alterations observed in newborn neurons may have important consequences for the prevention and treatment of the cognitive and affective alterations that evolve in conjunction with impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

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Section: Regulation Of the Morphological Maturation Of Newborn Neuronmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology

2016

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“…). In addition, environmental enrichment had a protective effect in adult female mice when exposed twice to forced swim stress (Llorens‐Martin, Tejeda & Trejo ). Also, environmental enrichment conferred stress resilience to social defeat (Lehmann & Herkenham ), and environmental enrichment reversed submissive behaviour in response to repeated social defeat (Schloesser et al .…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cocaine addiction: maladaptive behavioural traits

2013

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Cocaine use leads to addiction in only a subset of individuals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these individual differences in the transition from cocaine use to cocaine abuse is important to develop treatment strategies. There is agreement that specific behavioural traits increase the risk for addiction. As such, both high impulsivity and high anxiety have been reported to predict (compulsive) cocaine self-administration behaviour. Here, we set out a new view explaining how these two behavioural traits may affect addictive behaviour. According to psychological and psychiatric evolutionary views, organisms flourish well when they fit (match) their environment by trait and genotype. However, under non-fit conditions, the need to compensate the failure to deal with this environment increases, and, as a consequence, the functional use of rewarding drugs like cocaine may also increase. It suggests that neither impulsivity nor anxiety are bad per se, but that the increased risk to develop cocaine addiction is dependent on whether behavioural traits are adaptive or maladaptive in the environment to which the animals are exposed. This 'behavioural (mal)adaptation view' on individual differences in vulnerability to cocaine addiction may help to improve therapies for addiction.

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“…Beyond reducing anxiety, EC is known to have antidepressant effects (Llorens-Martin et al, 2011, Hendriksen et al, 2012) and confer stress resilience in several animal models of depression (Lehmann and Herkenham, 2011). Moreover, several brain regions including the infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, and nucleus accumbens have been implicated in resilience mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential impact of a complex environment on positive affect in an animal model of individual differences in emotionality

Perez-Sepulveda

Flagel²,

García-Fuster

et al. 2013

Neuroscience

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Anhedonia, or the inability to experience positive feelings is a hallmark of depression. However, few animal models have relied on decreased positive affect as an index of susceptibility to depression. Rats emit frequency modulated ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), designated as “positive” calls in the 50kHz range. USVs have been associated with pharmacological activation of motivational reward circuits. Here we utilized selectively-bred rats differing in “emotionality” to ask whether there are associated differences in USVs. Rats bred based on locomotor response to novelty and classified as bred high-responders (bHRs) or bred low-responder (bLRs) exhibit inborn differences in response to environmental cues, stress responsiveness, and depression-like behavior. These animals also exhibit differences in anxiety-like behavior, which are reversed by exposure to environmental complexity (EC). Finally, these animals exhibit unique profiles of responsiveness to rewarding stimuli accompanied with distinct patterns of dopamine regulation. We investigated whether acute and chronic environmental manipulations impacted USVs in bHRs and bLRs. We found that, relative to bLRs, bHRs emitted significantly more 50 kHz USVs. However, if a bLR is accompanied by another bLR, there is a significant increase in 50kHZ USVs emitted by this phenotype. bHRs emitted increases in 50kHZ UVSs upon first exposure to EC, whereas bLRs showed a similar increase only after repeated exposure. bLRs’ increase in positive affect after chronic EC was coupled with significant positive correlations between corticosterone levels and c-fos mRNA in the accumbens. Conversely, a decline in the rate of positive calls in bHRs after chronic EC was associated with a negative correlation between corticosterone and accumbens c-fos mRNA. These studies demonstrate that inborn differences in emotionality interact with the environment to influence positive affect and underscore the potential interaction between glucocorticoids and the mesolimbic reward circuitry in modulating 50 kHz calls.

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Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology

The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology

Individual differences in cocaine addiction: maladaptive behavioural traits

Differential impact of a complex environment on positive affect in an animal model of individual differences in emotionality

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