Anticonvulsant drugs and mental symptoms: a review

Trimble, Michael; Reynolds, E. H.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700013726

Cited by 132 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Phenytoin can cause permanent damage to the cerebellum and occasionally a more in sidious encephalopathy [11], Phénobarbital can cause neuronal deficits and decrease body and brain weights [12,13], Valproate can cause a decrease of brain weight [9]. CZP is a new, potent antiepileptic drug, but infor mation regarding its effects on brain devel opment and cognitive function in children is not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clonazepam on Brain Development of Mice

Wang¹,

Huang²

1990

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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Twenty-seven Kun-Ming white mice were divided randomly into three groups of 9 animals. One of these groups served as a control group. Clonazepam (CZP), 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg/day, was administered by oral gavage for 22 days. The water-maze test was performed before giving CZP and 10 and 22 days later. The step-down test was performed on the 1st and the 2nd day after discontinuing CZP treatment to determine toxic effects on brain development and learning-memory function. Body weights and brain weight were also recorded. Brain development and learning-memory function, evaluated by water-maze and step-down tests, were not impaired by CZP. Although there was a trend toward lower weights in the higher-dose group, CZP treatment did not significantly affect either body weight or total or regional brain weight. The results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of treatment with CZP does not impair brain development and learning-memory function in baby mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clonazepam on Brain Development of Mice

Wang¹,

Huang²

1990

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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“…These findings are consistent with previous reports indicating that clonazepam, but not ethosuximide, substantially disrupts performance under operant tasks requiring conditional discriminations. These data also suggest that the addition of an external discrimination stimulus attenuates the disruptive behavioral effects of clonazepam.During the past decade, much attention has been focused on the effects of anticonvulsant medications in humans and nonhumans (see Poling and Picker 1985;Trimble and Reynolds 1976;Woodbury et al 1982). Although much is currently known about the ability of these drugs to manage seizures, their behavioral effects are not clearly understood…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the past decade, much attention has been focused on the effects of anticonvulsant medications in humans and nonhumans (see Poling and Picker 1985;Trimble and Reynolds 1976;Woodbury et al 1982). Although much is currently known about the ability of these drugs to manage seizures, their behavioral effects are not clearly understood…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clonazepam and ethosuximide on the responding of pigeons under a fixed-consecutive-number schedule with and without an external discriminative stimulus

et al. 1986

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The effects of the anticonvulsant drugs clonazepam and ethosuximide were examined in pigeons performing under a fixed-consecutive-number schedule with and without an added external discriminative stimulus. Under these schedules, food was delivered whenever subjects responded between and 8 and 12 times on one response key (work key), and then responded once on a second response key (reinforcement key). For one group, an external discriminative stimulus signalled completion of the response requirement on the work key, while no stimulus change was programmed for the other group. Clonazepam (0.06-0.75 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in percentage of reinforced runs and rate of responding for both groups. The magnitude of the accuracy-decreasing effect was generally greater in the group without the external discriminative stimulus. For this group, the higher doses of clonazepam produced pronounced increases in switching to the reinforcement key before completing the minimum requirement of eight consecutive responses on the work key. No consistent patterns of errors were evident for the subjects with the added external discriminative stimulus. Although ethosuximide (20-160 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in rate of responding, it had little effect on the percentage of reinforced runs or the run length distributions. These findings are consistent with previous reports indicating that clonazepam, but not ethosuximide, substantially disrupts performance under operant tasks requiring conditional discriminations. These data also suggest that the addition of an external discrimination stimulus attenuates the disruptive behavioral effects of clonazepam.

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“…Although there is a growing literature on the effects of anticonvulsive drugs on cognitive function and behav ior, attention to specific aspects such as memory is still very limited [Trimble, 1981;Trimble and Reynolds, 1976]. One older study [Matthews and Harley, 1975] does hardly attempt to distinguish between the individ ual drugs.…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Influences on Learning and Memory in Aged Animals and Humans

Hock¹

1987

Neuropsychobiology

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In this article the effects of neurotransmitter systems or specific drugs on cognitive functions of aged animals and humans are reviewed. While there have been used many different pharmacologic and behavioral approaches to treat and test cognitive deficits in aged animals and geriatric or demented patients, there is still the question of the validity of animal models of human disorders. Attempts are made to show that there are parallels and similarities. These similarities suggest that the neurological and neurochemical changes observed may play common roles in similar behavioral deficits observed in aged animals and humans.

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Anticonvulsant drugs and mental symptoms: a review

Cited by 132 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Clonazepam on Brain Development of Mice

Effect of Clonazepam on Brain Development of Mice

Effects of clonazepam and ethosuximide on the responding of pigeons under a fixed-consecutive-number schedule with and without an external discriminative stimulus

Drug Influences on Learning and Memory in Aged Animals and Humans

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