Anticoagulatory, Antiinflammatory, and Antioxidative Effects of Protocatechuic Acid in Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Content of protocatechuic acid (PA) in eight locally available fresh fruits was analyzed, and the protective effects of this compound in diabetic mice were examined. PA at 1%, 2%, and 4% was supplied to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. PA treatments significantly lowered plasma glucose and increased insulin levels. PA treatments at 2% and 4% significantly lowered plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and fibrinogen level; increased plasma activity of antithrombin-III and protein C; decreased triglyceride content in plasma, heart, and liver; elevated glutathione level and the retention of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in heart and kidney. PA treatments at 2% and 4% also significantly lowered plasma C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor levels and reduced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in heart and kidney. These results support that protocatechuic acid could attenuate diabetic complications via its triglyceride-lowering, anticoagulatory, antioxidative, and antiinflammatory effects.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of protocatechuic acid in rats and mice

“…In addition, it also reduces plasma C-reactive proteins and von Willebrand factor levels, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in heart and kidney (Lin et al 2009). Based on their experimental findings, Lin et al 2009 suggested that PCA was able to ameliorate complications in metabolic disorders through its beneficial effects like triglyceride-lowering, anticoagulatory, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.…”

Antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>Melia azedarach</i> ethanolic leaf extract

“…Furthermore, syringic acid possesses anti-obesity, antiinflammatory and anti-steatotic effects via the regulation of lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes (Ham et al, 2016). Also, protocatechic acid has shown anti-inflammatory effect (Lin et al, 2009). Treatment with protocatechic acid inhibits significantly different biological parameters like hind paw edema, granuloma exudates formation, and arthritis index in carrageenan edema, cotton pellet granuloma, and Freund's adjuvant arthritis, respectively.…”

Transdermal treatment of the surgical and burned wound skin via phytochemical-capped gold nanoparticles

“…It is well established that they actively exhibit anticancer and antioxidant effects and possess anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiallergic properties. [18][19][20][21]. Among of these phytochemicals, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid; GA) has antiinflammatory and antiallergic properties.…”