Anticipatory smooth eye movements with random-dot kinematograms

Santos, Elio M.; Gnang, Edinah K.; Kowler, Eileen

doi:10.1167/12.11.1

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…In the active uncued condition they were free to choose the path, but were told to distribute choices equally between right and left. Subjects were instructed to pay attention to the motion of the disc and to avoid using saccades to catch up with the moving disc if they felt pursuit was lagging behind (Santos et al, 2012). They were instructed to keep the disc inside the walls of the tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anticipatory smooth eye movements (ASEM) are smooth eye movements in the expected direction of target motion found before the onset, or a change in direction, of target motion. ASEM can be elicited by symbolic visual cues that signal the future path of motion (Kowler, 2011;Santos et al, 2012). ASEM compensates processing delays, thus ensuring accurate and timely pursuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative contributions of internal motor cues and external semantic cues to anticipatory smooth pursuit

Ross

Santos

2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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Smooth pursuit eye movements anticipate the future motion of targets when future motion is either signaled by visual cues or inferred from past history. To study the effect of anticipation derived from movement planning, the eye pursued a cursor whose horizontal motion was controlled by the hand via a mouse. The direction of a critical turn was specified by a cue or was freely chosen. Information from planning to move the hand (which itself showed anticipatory effects) elicited anticipatory smooth eye movements, allowing the eye to track self-generated target motion with virtually no lag. Lags were present only when either visual cues or motor cues were removed. The results show that information derived from the planning of movement is as effective as visual cues in generating anticipatory eye movements. Eye movements in dynamic environments will be facilitated by collaborative anticipatory movements of hand and eye. Cues derived from movement planning may be particularly valuable in fast-paced human-computer interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contributions of internal motor cues and external semantic cues to anticipatory smooth pursuit

Ross

Santos

2014

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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“…We presented observers with random dot stimuli that moved at different velocities, randomized from trial to trial. Random dot pursuit stimuli are known to induce ASP eye movements similar to a single moving dot as a pursuit target (Santos, Gnang, & Kowler, 2012) and are used here to minimize the occurrence of correcting saccades (Heinen & Watamaniuk, 1998). Observers pursued the stimuli with their eyes and, at the end of each trial, made perceptual judgements of stimulus speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different time scales of motion integration for anticipatory smooth pursuit and perceptual adaptation

et al. 2015

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When repeatedly exposed to moving stimuli, the oculomotor system elicits anticipatory smooth pursuit (ASP) eye movements, even before the stimulus moves. ASP is affected oppositely to perceptual speed judgments of repetitive moving stimuli: After a sequence of fast stimuli, ASP velocity increases, whereas perceived speed decreases. These two effects--perceptual adaptation and oculomotor priming--could result from adapting a single common internal speed representation that is used for perceptual comparisons and for generating ASP. Here we test this hypothesis by assessing the temporal dependence of both effects on stimulus history. Observers performed speed discriminations on moving random dot stimuli, either while pursuing the movement or maintaining steady fixation. In both cases, responses showed perceptual adaptation: Stimuli preceded by fast speeds were perceived as slower, and vice versa. To evaluate oculomotor priming, we analyzed ASP velocity as a function of average stimulus speed in preceding trials and found strong positive dependencies. Interestingly, maximal priming occurred over short stimulus histories (∼two trials), whereas adaptation was maximal over longer histories (∼15 trials). The temporal dissociation of adaptation and priming suggests different underlying mechanisms. It may be that perceptual adaptation integrates over a relatively long period to robustly calibrate the operating range of the motion system, thereby avoiding interference from transient changes in stimulus speed. On the other hand, the oculomotor system may rapidly prime anticipatory velocity to efficiently match it to that of the pursuit target.

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“…Investigations into motion perception often use stimuli consisting of limited-lifetime dots to avoid tracking of individual pattern elements51. In this type of stimuli each dot is assigned a different ‘starting age’ at stimulus onset and then relocated when the maximum lifetime duration has been reached.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of motion and number of element locations in mirror symmetry perception

Sharman

Gheorghiu

2017

Sci Rep

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The human visual system has specialised mechanisms for encoding mirror-symmetry and for detecting symmetric motion-directions for objects that loom or recede from the observers. The contribution of motion to mirror-symmetry perception has never been investigated. Here we examine symmetry detection thresholds for stationary (static and dynamic flicker) and symmetrically moving patterns (inwards, outwards, random directions) with and without positional symmetry. We also measured motion detection and direction-discrimination thresholds for horizontal (left, right) and symmetrically moving patterns with and without positional symmetry. We found that symmetry detection thresholds were (a) significantly higher for static patterns, but there was no difference between the dynamic flicker and symmetrical motion conditions, and (b) higher than motion detection and direction-discrimination thresholds for horizontal or symmetrical motion, with or without positional symmetry. In addition, symmetrical motion was as easy to detect or discriminate as horizontal motion. We conclude that whilst symmetrical motion per se does not contribute to symmetry perception, limiting the lifetime of pattern elements does improve performance by increasing the number of element-locations as elements move from one location to the next. This may be explained by a temporal integration process in which weak, noisy symmetry signals are combined to produce a stronger signal.

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Anticipatory smooth eye movements with random-dot kinematograms

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

The relative contributions of internal motor cues and external semantic cues to anticipatory smooth pursuit

The relative contributions of internal motor cues and external semantic cues to anticipatory smooth pursuit

Different time scales of motion integration for anticipatory smooth pursuit and perceptual adaptation

The role of motion and number of element locations in mirror symmetry perception

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