Anticipatory Processing as a Transdisciplinary Bridge in Addiction

Goldman, Mark S.; Darkes, Jack; Reich, Richard R.; Brandon, Karen O.

doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262513111.003.0012

Cited by 14 publications

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“…Mediation effects obtained also indicated that women's stronger expectancies for withdrawal effects accounted for their weaker motivation to quit and weaker abstinence self-efficacy. In sum, the current results suggest that women may be less likely to quit smoking than men to some extent because they anticipate greater postcessation withdrawal distress; this expectancy may contribute to halfhearted quit attempts, a defeatist approach to cessation, more severe withdrawal symptoms (Goldman et al, 2010; Hendricks et al, 2009), and so on. Future research should examine prospectively whether women's greater expectancies for withdrawal distress predict success in quitting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In the current study, we used expectancy theory as a model for conceptualizing mechanisms that underlie tobacco-related disparities. According to expectancy theory, the accumulated lifetime of learning experiences molds expectancies about the consequences of one's actions, which in turn guide future motivation and behavior (Goldman, Darkes, Reich, & Brandon, 2010; Hendricks, Reich, & Westmaas, 2009). In models of health disparities (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, tobacco interventions seeking to augment and sustain motivation to quit and abstinence self-efficacy among American Indians, African Americans, and women could benefit from an elucidation of those factors that contribute to racial and gender differences in these constructs. Considering that contemporary theory asserts that expectancies are fundamental to substance use motivation and behavior (Goldman et al, 2010; Hendricks et al, 2009), abstinence-related expectancies appear to be a rational starting point for investigating such factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Smoking abstinence-related expectancies among American Indians, African Americans, and women: Potential mechanisms of tobacco-related disparities.

Hendricks¹,

Westmaas²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Research has documented tobacco-related health disparities by race and gender. Prior research, however, has not examined expectancies about the smoking cessation process (i.e., abstinence-related expectancies) as potential contributors to tobacco-related disparities in special populations. This cross-sectional study compared abstinence-related expectancies between American Indian (n = 87), African American (n = 151), and White (n = 185) smokers, and between women (n = 231) and men (n = 270) smokers. Abstinence-related expectancies also were examined as mediators of race and gender relationships with motivation to quit and abstinence self-efficacy. Results indicated that American Indians and African Americans were less likely than Whites to expect withdrawal effects, and more likely to expect that quitting would be unproblematic. African Americans also were less likely than Whites to expect smoking cessation interventions to be effective. Compared to men, women were more likely to expect withdrawal effects and weight gain.These expectancy differences mediated race and gender relationships with motivation to quit and abstinence self-efficacy. Findings emphasize potential mechanisms underlying tobacco-related health disparities among American Indians, African Americans, and women, and suggest a number of specific approaches for targeting tobacco dependence interventions to these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Smoking abstinence-related expectancies among American Indians, African Americans, and women: Potential mechanisms of tobacco-related disparities.

Hendricks¹,

Westmaas²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…Although this could be the case solely because abstinence-related expectancies reflect smokers’ actual experience with abstinence (see Brandon et al 1999; Goldman et al 2010), expectancies have been consistently shown to influence the future, often in dramatic fashion (Brody and Miller 2011; Kirsch 1985, 1997; Michael et al 2012; Price et al 2008). For example, in a randomized clinical trial of treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, participants receiving open-label placebo pills demonstrated significantly greater symptom improvement than no-treatment controls (Kaptchuk et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, cognition is closely tied to affect, desire, and other features characteristic of the smoking withdrawal syndrome (Kavanagh et al 2005; Teasdale 1999). Expectancies may be particularly meaningful cognitive determinants of smoking withdrawal because expectancies reflect the lifetime of learning (i.e., prior experience with abstinence; Brandon et al 1999; Goldman et al 2010) and, perhaps more importantly, because expectancies shape future outcomes, as illustrated by the placebo effect (Brody and Miller 2011; Kirsch 1985, 1997; Michael et al 2012; Price et al 2008). In the smoking literature, expectancies have been shown to influence future outcomes time and again.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: implications for possible causal mechanisms

Hendricks

Leventhal

2013

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale Despite the decades-long emphasis on withdrawal in leading models of addiction, the causal mechanisms driving smoking withdrawal effects are not well known. This gap in the knowledge base has stalled theory and treatment development for smoking dependence. Objectives As cognitive factors have been largely neglected as predictors of withdrawal, the current study sought to examine how smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies relate to withdrawal symptomatology. Methods Adult smokers (N=180; ≥10 cigarettes/day) participated in two counterbalanced experimental sessions involving either 16 h of abstinence or smoking as usual. At baseline, participants completed three withdrawal-related scales of the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire (Withdrawal, Optimistic Outcomes, and Weight Gain scales), a self-report measure of smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies. During experimental sessions, participants completed a number of instruments that covered the range of smoking withdrawal effects (i.e., negative affect, urge/craving to smoke, diminished positive affect, concentration difficulty, hunger, and physiological symptoms). Results Even after controlling for the influence of demographic characteristics and cigarette dependence, smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies were meaningful predictors of abstinence-induced changes in various withdrawal symptoms (mean adjusted standardized β=0.22). Stronger expectancies for withdrawal and weight gain predicted more severe withdrawal effects, whereas stronger expectancies for optimistic outcomes predicted less severe withdrawal effects. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the notion that expectancies actively shape future experience and are the first to support the suggestion that smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies may be causal agents of withdrawal symptomatology. Future research is required to more conclusively determine whether abstinence-related expectancies mold withdrawal effects.

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The P300 as an electrophysiological probe of alcohol expectancy.

Fishman

Goldman

Donchin

2008

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Language-based measures indicate that alcohol expectancies influence alcohol consumption. To relate these measures to brain actions that precede verbal output, the P300 component of the Eventrelated potentials (ERPs) was used to detect violations of individually held alcohol expectancies. As predicted, P300 amplitude elicited by negative alcohol expectancy stimuli was positively correlated with endorsement of positive/arousing alcohol expectancies on the language-based measure, such that the higher an individual's positive/arousing expectancies, the larger was the P300 elicited by negative alcohol expectancy stimuli. These results demonstrated concordance between languagebased measures of alcohol expectancies and electrophysiological probes of expectancy. Although whether these expectancy processes are integral to decision pathways that influence consumption is unknown, these findings suggest that such processing can occur very quickly outside of conscious deliberation. Keywordsalcohol expectancies and event-related potentials; P300 and alcohol cognitions; electrophysiological index of alcohol expectanciesResearchers from diverse domains have increasingly recognized that the brain functions as an "anticipatory machine" (Dennett, 1991) that acquires and stores expectancies of relationships among contexts, specific stimuli, behavioral outputs, and outcomes (Grossberg, 1995;Huron, 2006;Goldman, 2002;Goldman, Darkes, Reich, & Brandon, 2006;Raichle, 2006). In both animals and humans, the comparison of sensory input with learned expectations has been deemed central to virtually all psychological/ behavioral output (Grossberg, 1995), including such widely diverse phenomena as animal reward and reinforcement (Kupfermann, Kandel, & Iversen, 2000;Schultz, Dayan, & Montague, 1997;Schultz, 2004), classical and operant conditioning (Dragoi & Staddon, 1999;Kirsch, Lynn, Vigorito, & Miller, 2004;Van Hamme & Wasserman, 1994), comparative judgment (Heekeren, Marrett, Bandettini, & Ungerleider, 2004;Ritov, 2000), music appreciation (Huron, 2006;Krumhansl, 2002), perception of motion (Kerzel, 2005) and time (Correa, Lupianez, & Tudela, 2005), development of language (Colunga & Smith, 2005), interpersonal trust (King-Casas, Tomlin, & Anen, 2005), and placebo effects (Kirsch & Scoboria, 2001). Because anticipatory/expectancy processes also have been explicated in studies that relate neurophysiological activity to information Correspondence concerning this article should be directed to: Mark S. Goldman, Ph.D., University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, PCD 4118G, 4204 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-7200, goldman@cas.usf.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated version. The American Psychological Association and its Council of Editors disclaim any responsibility or liabilities for errors or omissions...

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Anticipatory Processing as a Transdisciplinary Bridge in Addiction

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Smoking abstinence-related expectancies among American Indians, African Americans, and women: Potential mechanisms of tobacco-related disparities.

Smoking abstinence-related expectancies among American Indians, African Americans, and women: Potential mechanisms of tobacco-related disparities.

Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: implications for possible causal mechanisms

The P300 as an electrophysiological probe of alcohol expectancy.

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