Anticipation effect in pedestrian dynamics: Modeling and experiments

Quantitative analysis of pedestrian counterflow in a cellular automaton model

“…This leads to a value of roughly 0.3 seconds for one timestep. The movement of particles is defined by transition probabilities p ij which (for the model variant [14] studied here) are given by…”

“…This behavior can be imitated by introducing the anticipation floor field [14]. For particles of type A it is defined as…”

“…Nevertheless, the phenomenon is best known in pedestrian counterflow from everyday experience although experimental or empirical studies are quite rare [11][12][13][14][15]. The effect can be understood as a self-organization process, where pedestrians try to minimize the contact with other pedestrians, especially if they have a different desired walking direction.…”

Simulation model of bi-directional pedestrian considering potential effect ahead and behind

“…Extended FF models and similar concepts were also applied to the simulation of pedestrian friction effects and clogging [22], movement of crowds [23], and evacuation [24,25]. Yushi Suma [26] propose the anticipation floor field as an extension of the floor field model. The AFF focuses on non-local interaction between bi-directional pedestrians to improve collision avoidance.…”

A Cellular Automata-Based Simulation Tool for Real Fire Accident Prevention

“…Each of the cells is surrounded by the same number of neighbors and can assume the same number of states [32][33][34][35]. There are three structural factors which significantly influence the grid form and, as a consequence, the behavior of the entire cellular automaton [8,17,23,[32][33][34][35]:…”