Anticholinesterase, antioxidant potentials, and molecular docking studies of isolated bioactive compounds from Grewia optiva

Abstract

Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret (Tiliceae) is extensively applied for the treatment of typhoid, diarrhea, malaria, etc., in traditional medication. In this study, four bioactive compounds I (β-sitosterol), II (1, 2, 3 benzene triol), III (7-O-methyl cathachin) and VI (betulinic acid) were isolated from the root of G. optiva. The compounds were characterized through UV, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were tested for the inhibition of synthetic-free radicals: ABTS and DPPH, and anticholinesterases: AChE and BChE. Compound III demonstrated highest percent free radicals scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS (86.11 ± 2.20, 85.23 ± 1.61, respectively, for 1000 µg/ml concentrations) with IC 50 of 63 µg/ml which were comparable to the IC 50 value (35 µg/ml) of ascorbic acid. All isolated compounds also showed excellent inhibitory potential against AChE and BChE. However, β-sitosterol amongst them exhibited highest percent inhibition (87.66 ± 1.93, 85.71 ± 1.17, respectively, at 1000 µg/ml concentration) with IC 50 of 62 µg/ml, which was close to the standard galanthamine IC 50 values (40 µg/ml). To support the findings of the study silico docking model was applied that predicted possible binding modes of β-sitosterol with AChE and BChE. The para hydroxyl group of the phenolic moiety interacted with the active site water molecule and the side chain carbonyl residues through H-bonding. The remaining part of the active compound packed in a shallow pocket through H-bond. ARTICLE HISTORY

α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activity of fragrant black rice (Thai coloured rice)

“…The highest free‐radical scavenging on DPPH and ABTS was obtained from RF6 fraction. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of plant extract and also rice extract has been commonly used DPPH and ABTS assay 42‐44 . The antioxidant activity of black rice was reported by previous researchers.…”

Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract, rice volatile compounds and their combination against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and tyrosinase

“…The free‐radical scavenging capacity of plant extract and rice extract has commonly been analysed using DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays (Chaiyasut et al ., 2017; Bari et al ., 2019; Zafar et al ., 2019; Sansenya & Nanok, 2020). The free‐radical scavenging capacity of plant extract is closely related to the phenolic content and flavonoid content (Amri & Hossain, 2018).…”

Bio-Potency and Molecular Docking Studies of Isolated Compounds from Grewia optiva J.R. Drumm. ex Burret

“…Hiba et al have reported the isolation of octanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, octadecatrienoic acid, and eicosanoic acid from Grewia tenax [ 6 ]. Additionally, previously, we evaluated the Grewia optiva extracts for different biological potentials and isolated eight compounds from this plant [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

“…Acetylcholine (ACh) and butyrylcholine (BCh) are important neurotransmitters in the procurement and storage of transmitted memory and are involved in the transmission of impulses across the synapse. Their levels are reduced in AD [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. To restore and control the activities of ACh and BCh at the synapse, inhibitors of their respective cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are used [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”