Anticardiolipin, anti- 2-glycoprotein I and antiprothrombin antibodies in black South African patients with infectious disease

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate IgG, IgM, and IgA, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), against cardiolipin (aCL), b 2 -glycoprotein I (anti-b 2 GPI), and prothrombin (anti-PT), in black South African patients with infectious disease. Unlike patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), raised levels of aPL in infectious diseases are not usually associated with thrombotic complications. Patients and methods: Serum samples from 272 patients with a variety of infectious diseases (100 HIV positive, 112 leprosy, 25 syphilis, 25 malaria, and 10 HCV patients) were studied and compared with autoantibody levels in 100 normal controls. All three aPL were measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: Raised levels of all thee aPL were found in all patient groups studied: aCL in 7%, anti-b 2 GPI in 6%, and aPT in 43% of 100 HIV patients, in 29%, 89%, and 21% of 112 patients with leprosy, in 8%, 8%, and 28% of 25 patients with syphilis, in 12%, 8%, and 28% of 25 patients with malaria, and in 20%, 30%, and 30% of 10 HCV patients studied, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of aCL and anti-b 2 GPI in black South African HIV positive patients, or those with syphilis, malaria, or hepatitis C virus is lower than reported for mixed race or white populations. aPT were the most prevalent aPL detected in these patient groups, except in patients with leprosy, for whom anti-b 2 GPI was the most prevalent, and where the spectrum of aPL was similar to that seen in patients with SLE and APS.

Increased Plasma Concentrations of Antiprothrombin Antibodies in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions

“…Moreover, some acute infectious diseases (syphilis, HIV, hepatitis C, leprosy, and malaria) may be associated with increased aPT antibodies (24 ). Our data, however, were collected from patients without APS and infectious diseases and therefore support the hypothesis that aPT antibodies play a role, independently from APS, in the events cascade leading to early RSA.…”

Prevalence and clinical correlates of anti‐phospholipid antibodies in South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Patients known to be HIV positive were excluded from the study as HIV infection can be associated with aPL (12). Clinical and antinuclear antibody (ANA) results were obtained by a combination of a detailed history of pregnancy loss and thrombotic events, data extraction from case records, and clinical examination.…”

A role for interleukin‐5 in promoting increased immunoglobulin M at the site of disease in leprosy

“…Autoantibodies such as aCL have been reported to be raised in 37-98% of the patients with lepromatous leprosy, providing a mechanism for autoimmunity. [26][27][28] Furthermore, up to 50% of L-lep patients receiving antimicrobial therapy develop acute inflammatory reactions such as ENL, characterized by the eruption of erythematous painful nodules and other systemic manifestations of tissue injury. 7,[29][30][31] The pathogenesis of ENL is attributed to antibodies and immune complex deposition, as evidenced by granular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in a perivascular 8 and extravascular distribution, 9 detection of immune complexes in vessel walls and evidence of damaged endothelial cells.…”