Anticandidal activity of ethanolic root extract of Juglans regia (L.): Effect on growth, cell morphology, and key virulence factors

Raja, Vaseem; Ahmad, Sharif; Irshad, Muhammad; Wani, Waseem A.; Siddiqi, Weqar Ahmad; Shreaz, Sheikh

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.07.002

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…SSE induced biofilm deformation and breakage of cell–cell connections. This result was similar to previous findings on C. albicans treated with the synthetic human β -defensin 3-C15 peptide and root extract of Juglans regia [27,28]. The fluctuant gene expression involved in chitin degradation and ergosterol biosynthesis was probably responsible for the morphological change in the cell wall and membrane.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound

Wang²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Plant-derived extracts are a promising source of new drugs. Schima superba is traditionally used in China for heat clearing, detoxification, and treatment of furuncles. In this study, the anticandidal properties and mechanism of action of S. superba (SSE) were explored using a stem bark extract. SSE possessed high polyphenol and saponin contents of 256.6 ± 5.1 and 357.8 ± 31.5 µg/mg, respectively. A clear inhibition zone was observed for C. albicans growth through the disc diffusion method and the 50% inhibition of C. albicans by SSE was 415.2 µg/mL. Transcriptomic analysis in C. albicans treated with different doses of SSE was conducted through RNA-seq. Average values of 6068 genes and 20,842,500 clean reads were identified from each sample. Among these samples, 1680 and 1956 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the SSE treatments of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. C. albicans growth was inhibited by the changes in gene expression associated with the cell wall and membrane composition including the regulation of chitin degradation and ergosterol biosynthesis. This result could be reflected in the irregularly wrinkled morphology of the ruptured cell as revealed through SEM analysis. ESI-MS and NMR analyses revealed that the major compound purified from SSE was sasanquasaponin III and the 50% inhibition of C. albicans was 93.1 µg/mL. In summary, the traditional Chinese medicine S. superba can be applied as an anticandidal agent in complementary and alternative medicine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound

Wang²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Molecules

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“…In this respect, all parts of walnut tree can be used as an excellent source of various compounds expressing antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, as well as antinociceptive, antihistaminic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, antidiabetics, immunomodulator, antifertility, hepatoprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, lipolytic, larvicidal, insecticidal and many others properties positively affecting human health [20]. Walnut is categorized as a strategic species for human nutrition because the food and agriculture organization (FAO) included it in the group of priority plants [21]. Not only are walnuts used in human nutrition but also the young green walnuts are much appreciated in the traditional folk medicine of some countries and the preparation of jams and a wholesome alcoholic drink named walnut liqueur which contains high levels of phenolic compounds and vitamins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

et al. 2019

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As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.

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“…The samples were then incubated again for 30 min at 37 °C. Finally, the control and treated cells were examined under Olympus Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope as done previously [ 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Ultrasound versus Conventional Synthesis and Characterization of Specific Task Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Hydrazones Tethering Fluorinated Counter Anions: Novel Inhibitors of Fungal Ergosterol Biosynthesis

et al. 2017

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A series of specific task ionic liquids (ILs) based on a pyridiniumhydrazone scaffold in combination with hexafluorophosphate (PF6−), tetrafluoroboron (BF4−) and/or trifluoroacetate (CF3COO−) counter anion, were designed and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The reactions were conducted under both conventional and green ultrasound procedures. The antifungal potential of the synthesized compounds 2–25 was investigated against 40 strains of Candida (four standard and 36 clinical isolates). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of the synthesized compounds were in the range of 62.5–2000 μg/mL for both standard and oral Candida isolates. MIC90 results showed that the synthesized 1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)-pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (11) was found to be most effective, followed by 4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)-1-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (14) and 1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (8). All the Candida isolates showed marked sensitivity towards the synthesized compounds. Ergosterol content was drastically reduced by more active synthesized compounds, and agreed well with MIC90 values. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) results showed that the red colored fluorescent dye enters the test agent treated cells, which confirms cell wall and cell membrane damage. The microscopy results obtained suggested membrane-located targets for the action of these synthesized compounds. It appears that the test compounds might be interacting with ergosterol in the fungal cell membranes, decreasing the membrane ergosterol content and ultimately leading to membrane disruption as visible in confocal results. The present study indicates that these synthesized compounds show significant antifungal activity against Candida which forms the basis to carry out further in vivo experiments before their clinical use.

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Anticandidal activity of ethanolic root extract of Juglans regia (L.): Effect on growth, cell morphology, and key virulence factors

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound

Anticandidal Potential of Stem Bark Extract from Schima superba and the Identification of Its Major Anticandidal Compound

A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree

Green Ultrasound versus Conventional Synthesis and Characterization of Specific Task Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Hydrazones Tethering Fluorinated Counter Anions: Novel Inhibitors of Fungal Ergosterol Biosynthesis

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