Anticancer effects of natural phytochemicals in anaplastic thyroid cancer (Review)

Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy having a dismal prognosis. Phytochemicals are bioactive components obtained from plants that have been proven useful to treat numerous diseases. Phytochemicals are also an important source of novel anticancer drugs and an important area of research due to the numerous available candidates that can potentially treat cancers. This review discusses naturally occurring phytochemicals and their derivatives that show promising anticancer effects in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Anticancer effects include cell growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, promoting cell cycle arrest, suppressing angiogenesis, modulating autophagy, and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals are not only prospective candidates in the therapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer but also exhibit potential as adjuvants to improve the anticancer effects of other drugs. Although some phytochemicals have excellent anticancer properties, drug resistance observed during the use of resveratrol and artemisinin in different anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines is still a problem. Anaplastic thyroid cancer cells have several biological, clinical, and drug-resistance features that differ from differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol and quercetin exhibit different biological effects in anaplastic thyroid cancer and differentiated thyroid cancer. Tumor cells depend on increased aerobic glycolysis by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to provide energy for their rapid growth, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Phytochemicals can alter signaling cascades, modulate the metabolic properties of cancer cells, and influence the mitochondrial membrane potential of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. These findings enrich our knowledge of the anticancer effects of phytochemicals and highlight alternative therapies to prevent drug resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Phytochemicals effective in ATC cells 3. Discussion

Advances in targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer

“…These hazards include imaging examinations, surgical treatments, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies ( 30 ). Furthermore, radiation induced malfunction of the salivary glands and its long-term repercussions are possible side effects and problems of radioactive iodine ablation, a popular postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer ( 31 ). Moreover, it is impossible to overstate the psychological effects of thyroid cancer ( 31 ).…”

“…Furthermore, radiation induced malfunction of the salivary glands and its long-term repercussions are possible side effects and problems of radioactive iodine ablation, a popular postoperative treatment for thyroid cancer ( 31 ). Moreover, it is impossible to overstate the psychological effects of thyroid cancer ( 31 ). Receiving a cancer diagnosis is a transformative experience that frequently results in psychological anguish, anxiety, and despair.…”

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“…RAS является онккогеном, мутации которого вызывают хромосомную нестабильность, размножение, миграцию, жизнеспособность, метаболизм и дедифференцировку клеток [10] Современные стандарты лечения АРЩЖ предусматривают комбинацию хирургического лечения, ДЛТ, системной лекарственной терапии, также локальной ХТ. Однако значимо улучшить медиану ОВ не удается, хотя в недавно опубликованных отчетах и описанных клинических наблюдениях сообщалось об эффективности таргетной терапии, более того мультикиназные ингибиторы могут представлять собой новые варианты лечения [11].…”

Effect of the Synthetic Approach on the Formation and Magnetic Properties of Iron-Based Nanophase in Branched Polyester Polyol Matrix

“…All of them lead to hormonal imbalance and severe metabolic disorders. Currently, as part of the complex therapy for cancer of the endocrine system, the possibilities of the method of local hyperthermia of tumors using magnetic fields are shown [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The structure and composition of the composite particles based on nano-Fe 3 O 4 are the basis for the successful application of this method.…”