Anticancer effects of Bilberry anthocyanins compared with NutraNanoSphere encapsulated Bilberry anthocyanins

Abstract

Abstract. Rapidly accumulating laboratory and clinical research evidence indicates that anthocyanins exhibit anticancer activity and the evaluation of bilberry anthocyanins as chemo-preventive agents is progressing. It has previously been demonstrated that anthocyanins upregulate tumor suppressor genes, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, repair and protect genomic DNA integrity, which is important in reducing age-associated oxidative stress, and improve neuronal and cognitive brain function. Bilberry anthocyanins have pronounced health effects, even though they have a low bioavailability. To increase the bioavailability, Bilberry was encapsulated in 5.5 nm diameter liposomal micelles, called NutraNanoSpheres (NNS), at a concentration of 2.5 mg/50 µl [25% (w/w) anthocyanins]. These Bilberry NNS were used to study the apoptotic/cytotoxic effects on K562 Human Erythroleukemic cancer cells. Flow cytometric fluorescent quantification of the uptake of propidium iodide in a special cell viability formulation into dead K562 cells was used to determine the effects of Bilberry on the viability of K562 cells. The concentrations of Bilberry that demonstrated the greatest levels of percentage inhibition, relative to the control populations, were biphasic, revealing a 60-70% inhibition between 0.018-1.14 mg/ml (n=6) and 60% inhibition at 4 mg/ml. The lowest percentage inhibition (30%) occurred at 2 mg/ml. The lethal dose 50 was determined to be 0.01-0.04 mg/ml of Bilberry per 105 K562 cells at 72 h of cell culture exposure. At 48 h incubation, the highest percentage of inhibition was only 27%, suggesting involvement of a long-term apoptotic event. These levels, which demonstrated direct cytotoxic effects, were 8-40 times lower than levels required for Bilberry that is not encapsulated. The increase in bioavailability with the Bilberry NNS and its water solubility demonstrated the feasibility of using Bilberry NNS in cancer patient clinical trials.

Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…It has been hypothesized that besides providing improved stability, encapsulation may favor intestinal absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins. Indeed, in vitro studies demonstrated that nanocomplexes with chitosan hydrochloride, carboxymethyl chitosan and β-lactoglobulin may favor the bioavailability of anthocyanins in a simulated gastrointestinal tract [ 120 ]; that bilberry anthocyanins encapsulated in liposomal micelles were more bioavailable at the cellular level in vitro; and that their efficacy as anticancer agents was significantly higher than that of non-encapsulated anthocyanins [ 121 ]. However, a recent paper by Mueller et al [ 122 ], in which the anthocyanins were encapsulated in whey proteins, demonstrated that this formulation had little effect on the stabilization of anthocyanins during intestinal passage, and increased the rate of degradation when compared to non-encapsulated anthocyanins.…”

Tart Cherry Reduces Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Zucker Fatty Rats and Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…Most studies have shown that the consumption of anthocyanin-rich food reduces the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and cancers [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, many in vitro and in vivo studies have also documented the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and visceral fat accumulation and insulin signaling [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Cuidado cultural en mujeres con cáncer de mama y el contexto domiciliario, con enfoque Leininger. Chiclayo - 2018

“…En relación a esto, más de un estudio científico muestra que el extracto de arándano es el más eficaz para inhibir el crecimiento de células de leucemia humana HL60 y células de carcinoma de colon humano HCT116 in vitro. La evidencia de laboratorio y de investigación clínica que se está acumulando rápidamente indica que las antocianinas, presentes en el arándano, muestran actividad anticancerígena y la evaluación de las antocianinas de arándano como agentes de prevención química está progresando 16,17 .…”