Anticancer and Cytotoxicity Activity of Native and Modified Black Rice Flour on Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Thanuja, B.; Parimalavalli, R.; Vijayanand, S.; Alharbi, Reem Mohammed; Abdel-Raouf, Neveen; Ibraheem, Ibraheem Borie M.; Sholkamy, Essam Nageh; Durairaj, Kaliannan; Hadish, Kibrom Menasbo

doi:10.1155/2022/8575026

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It provides [42]. IC 50 values greater than 50 μg/mL are considered noncytotoxic [42,43]. In this study, the IC 50 values were found to be less than 50 μg/mL for the leaf and stem methanolic extracts of HepG2 cells, which were found to be much than the IC 50 values for L929 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Te IC 50 value in pharmacological research is generally considered an indicator of a drug's efectiveness at its half-inhibitory concentration. It provides [42]. IC 50 values greater than 50 μg/mL are considered noncytotoxic [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides antagonist drug potency by demonstrating the amount of drug required to block 50% of the biological process [ 29 ]. Moreover, as per the GERAN Protocol and the American National Cancer Institute (NCI), IC 50 values for strong cytotoxic properties are defined as under 21 μ g/mL, moderate cytotoxic properties between 21and 200 μ g/mL, and weak cytotoxic properties between 201 and 500 μ g/mL [ 42 ]. IC 50 values greater than 50 μ g/mL are considered noncytotoxic [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Reproductive Stage Withania somnifera Leaf and Stem on HepG2 Cell Line

Lingfa,

Tirumala,

Ankanagari

2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. The ayurvedic plant Withania somnifera, a member of the Solanaceae family, has been used as a remedy for diverse health problems, including cancer. Objectives. The objective of this investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of the in vitro cytotoxic properties of methanolic extracts derived from the leaf, stem, and root of W. somnifera on HepG2 and L929 cell lines. Methods. Methanolic extracts were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method. To assess the in vitro anticancer action on the HepG2 and L929 cell lines, an MTT assay was performed. Changes in cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope. Results. The MTT assay results indicated that the leaf, stem, and root methanolic extracts of W. somnifera showed significantly higher in vitro cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 43.06 ± 0.615, 45.60 ± 0.3, and 314.4 ± 0.795 μg/mL than in L929 cell lines with 78.77 ± 0.795, 90.55 ± 0.800, and 361.70 ± 0.795 μg/mL, respectively. The leaf methanolic extract was the most effective, followed by the stem methanolic extract in the HepG2 cell line. Conclusion. The results of our study have confirmed that the methanolic extracts of both the leaf and stem of W. somnifera exhibit significant in vitro cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines, while displaying no significant cytotoxicity in the L929 cell line. Furthermore, the data obtained from the MTT assay indicate that the leaf methanolic extract possesses a more potent cytotoxic activity than the stem methanolic extract with respect to the HepG2 cell line. Further studies on the identification and isolation of bioactive metabolites are required to explore the mechanisms underlying their in vitro cytotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Reproductive Stage Withania somnifera Leaf and Stem on HepG2 Cell Line

Lingfa,

Tirumala,

Ankanagari

2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Among the five phenolic subfractions, the Sub5 exhibited the most remarkable capacity against HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2, with average half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of 74.42, 95.33, and 82.19 μ g/mL, respectively, for 72 h. The results indicated that active compounds were mainly concentrated in subfraction 5. According to the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) [ 21 ], the Sub5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (IC 50 ranged from 21 to 200 μ g/mL), whereas fluorouracil (5-FU) had high cytotoxicity (IC 50 ≤ 4 μ g/mL) against HepG2 and Caco-2 cells with IC 50 values of 2.41 ± 0.08 and 2.05 ± 0.01 μ g/mL, respectively. In contrast, the subfractions did not significantly affect the cell proliferation of normal mouse liver cells FL83B with the highest concentration tested (Figure S1 ), demonstrating that the toxicity of the samples was limited to cancerous cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells

Thepthanee

Liu

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.

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“…Studies have found that unpolished rice contains bioactive chemicals that have positive health effects. For instance, cancer prevention [18] and the avoidance of diabetic problems [19]. Farmers in Thailand's northeast focus on producing Khao-Mao using pre-harvest rice to increase its value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Young Flattened Rice (Khao-Mao)

Preecharram

Posoongnoen²,

Thummawongsa³

et al. 2023

Trends Sci

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Khao-Mao producer group in Thailand’s Nakhon Phanom province’s Phon Sawan district, Na Hua Bo sub-district is a community that has produced Khao-Mao according to conventional wisdom, for a very long time. Khao-Mao has an emerald, green color, fragrant, delicate texture, and delicious taste, however the essential nutritional facts are not provided. Consequently, this study’s goal was to evaluate nutritional values by proximate analysis. All 6 types of young flattened rice-: Laos Wan, Kor Khor 6(RD6), Ai Lueng, San Pa Tong, Yee Pun, and Hom Nang Nuan have phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant properties by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. According to the findings, rice's primary constituents are carbohydrates, which range from 69.76 to 73.07 %, protein, which ranges from 4.79 to 6.11 %, crude fat, which ranges from 1.68 to 2.22 %, fiber, which ranges from 0.00 to 0.03 % moisture, which ranges from 17.96 to 21.31 %, and ash, which ranges from 1.13 to 1.70 %. The San Pa Tong Khao-Mao has the highest 6.11% of protein content. Ai Lueng Khao-Mao has the greatest levels of total phenolic compounds, 0.79 mg/g dry weight. The DPPH radical scavenging assay test was used to measure the antioxidant activity. Their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value falls between 1.18 and 2.00 mg/mL. The Hom Nang Nuan Khao-Mao has the lowest 1.18 mg/mL of IC50. According to the study’s findings, this community’s Khao-Mao has good nutritional and antioxidant properties. HIGHLIGHTS Khao-Mao has high proximate composition and high energy value Khao-Mao has relatively high quantities of protein and phenolic compounds Khao-Mao is a dish with a high-level antioxidant activity GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Anticancer and Cytotoxicity Activity of Native and Modified Black Rice Flour on Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Reproductive Stage Withania somnifera Leaf and Stem on HepG2 Cell Line

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Reproductive Stage Withania somnifera Leaf and Stem on HepG2 Cell Line

Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Young Flattened Rice (Khao-Mao)

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