Anticancer and antitrypanosomal activities of trinuclear ruthenium compounds with orthometalated phenazine ligands

Abstract

Trinuclear ruthenium complexes with orthometalated phenazines of general formula [Ru3(μ3-O)(μ2-OAc)5(L)(py)2]PF6 (L = dppn, benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, 1; dppz, dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, 2; CH3-dppz, 7-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, 3; Cl-dppz, 7-chlorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, 4) were investigated for their cytotoxic activity...

Interactions of a Ruthenium‐Ketoprofen Compound with Human Serum Albumin and DNA: Insights from Spectrophotometric Titrations and Molecular Docking Calculations

“…The HSA CD spectrum in the range from 200 nm to 260 nm, which is characteristic of the protein α‐helix, displays two negative bands: one at 208 nm and other at 222 nm, assigned to the π→π* and n→π* amide groups transition of the peptide bond [55] . Depending on the structure of the interacting molecule, CD spectroscopy may reveal important alterations in the secondary HSA structure by variations in the absorption at 208 nm, as recently reported for a polynuclear ruthenium carboxylate [56] . On the other hand, literature also brings examples where the interacting molecules do not significantly alter the protein secondary structure as probed by CD spectra, with very little variation on α‐helix content [57–62] .…”

“…[55] Depending on the structure of the interacting molecule, CD spectroscopy may reveal important alterations in the secondary HSA structure by variations in the absorption at 208 nm, as recently reported for a polynuclear ruthenium carboxylate. [56] On the other hand, literature also brings examples where the interacting molecules do not significantly alter the protein secondary structure as probed by CD spectra, with very little variation on α-helix content. [57][58][59][60][61][62] This is because, although HSA fluorescence quenching is an actual signal of interaction, it might happen from a purely collisional mechanism or from non-specific ) 2 is able to efficiently quench HSA fluorescence, it causes very slight changes in its secondary structure.…”

Interactions with HSA, anticancer and antiallergic activity of binuclear μ‐oxo bridged ruthenium acetate compounds

“…There was a discrete hyperchromism at the Ru dπ→O pπ charge transfer transition around 600 nm for 1 and 2 , but there were no noticeable changes in the profile of the fs‐ DNA absorption, suggesting that the interaction between 1 or 2 and DNA was weak. Accordingly, the K values obtained from the Benesi‐plots at 310 K are 607 M −1 and 847 M −1 for 1 and 2 , respectively, a lower value when compared to literature data for the trinuclear ruthenium acetates [27,28] . One possible explanation for such low interaction constant is related to the +2 charge of 1 and 2 .…”

“…(2) directly act as vasodilating, anticancer, and trypanocidal agents; and (3) interact with biomolecules such as HSA and DNA. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Regarding biological applications, the chemistry of binuclear μ-oxo ruthenium analogs has naturally caught our attention because, in this class of compounds, the reactivity at the trans-position to the μ-oxo bridge may promote the delivery of specific chemical species or lead the complexes to bind to biological targets. Besides that, the exchange of acetate bridges for other carboxylates introduces new possibilities.…”

A novel triruthenium nitrosyl bearing a quinolinic ligand: a comparison of its spectroscopic behavior with its pyridine analogues

“…2,3,[5][6][7] Therefore, they have numerous potential applications ranging from the construction of storage devices for energy and information [8][9][10] to the development of metallodrugs. Only a few studies on this last topic are available, including anticancer and trypanocidal activities [11][12][13][14] and their interactions with HSA (human serum albumin) 15 and DNA. 16 The ability of these compounds to perform photoinduced processes like electron-transfer reactions [17][18][19] or the photoinduced release of active molecules is relevant to this work.…”