Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides

Aso, Kazuo; Osaki, Tomohiro; Minami, Saburo; Okamoto, Yoshiharu

doi:10.3390/jfb6010033

Cited by 235 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Traditionally, COS were widely used as functional materials for their biodegradability and adsorption properties. In the past decades, COS were also shown to possess different biological activities including antimicrobial activities, anti-tumor activities, antiinflammation, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and immuno-enhancing effects [6][7][8][9] . For example, COS can effectively protect HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) against oxidative stress by H 2 O 2 through regulation of p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which might be of importance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases 10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) against osteoarthritis (OA) and preliminarily discuss the osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK expression in a rat OA model. Methods: Thirty-six 6-week-old Male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: shamoperated group(CON), OA-induction group(OA), COS intervention group(n=12/group). At 4 weeks after the operation, COS (50 ul) intervention weekily for consecutive 5 weeks. The OA and CON groups received an injection of 50 ul physiological saline. At death, 11 weeks following surgery, cartilage was harvested and total RNA and protein were extracted. Both the morphological changes of the cartilage were observed and harvested the total RNA and protein.Meanwhile, the expression of OPG, RANKL and RANK in cartilage were determined. Results: The expression of OPG and RANKL were both enhanced in the cartilage of the OA model. Compared with the OA group, COS treatment improved the cartilage damage (both extent and grade). Furthermore, the COS group showed highly OPG and lower RANKL. Simultaneously, COS treatment upregulated the ratio of OPG/RANKL and downregulated the RANKL/RANK. Conclusion: Chitosan oligosaccharides may be used as a unique biological agent to prevent and treat osteoarthritis, and this effect is associated with modulation of the expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand.

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confidence: 99%

The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…The anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan and its derivatives have been described in a number of diseases (32). Although OA is conceptualized as a non-inflammatory disease, inflammatory cytokines serve a vital role in the breakdown of proteoglycan (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxymethyl‑chitosan attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes interleukin‑10 production in rat chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related degenerative joint disease, which is caused by the breakdown of joint cartilage and the underlying bone. Carboxymethyl (CM)-chitosan is a soluble derivative of chitosan that has similar physicochemical properties to the extracellular proteoglycans identified in hyaline cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that CM-chitosan serves a protective role in a rabbit OA model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CM-chitosan on NO production and inflammation through its upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10, and the activation of the janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) signaling pathway. In the present study primary rat chondrocytes were induced to inflammation with 2 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide. The cells were subsequently subjected to increasing concentrations of CM-chitosan (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) and the relative mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-10, JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis respectively. The results revealed that CM-chitosan attenuated inflammation by significantly reducing iNOS expression and upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The expression of JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were also significantly upregulated by CM-chitosan (all P<0.05).

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“…COS is a unique natural positively charged basic amino oligosaccharide. COS is involved in various biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and immuno-enhancing effects [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Our previous studies showed that carboxymethyl chitosan elicits protective effects to suppress IL-1β-induced apoptosis of rabbit chondrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via the P38 MAPK signaling pathway

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Glycoconj J

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The preventive and therapeutic effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on osteoarthritis (OA) have been rarely investigated. In this study, the protective effects of COS against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. Results showed that COS not only inhibited cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner but also ameliorated IL-1β-induced nuclear chromatin damage and mitochondrial membrane potential in chondrocytes. In IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, COS downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 but upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 by inhibiting the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). COS inhibited the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and enhanced the mRNA expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). These results suggested that COS effectively inhibits the IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. COS may also be used as a unique biological agent to prevent and treat OA.

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Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides

Cited by 235 publications

References 63 publications

The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model

The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model

Carboxymethyl‑chitosan attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes interleukin‑10 production in rat chondrocytes

Chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via the P38 MAPK signaling pathway

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