Anticancer Analysis of CD44 Targeted Cyclosporine Loaded Thiolated Chitosan Nanoformulations for Sustained Release in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

Introduction Cyclosporine (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive chemotherapeutic medication, treats numerous cancers, particularly malignant carcinoma, acute leukemia, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methodology A specified polymeric nanoformulation (NF) based drug delivery technique with ligand functionalization at the surface was developed to improve its delivery at the intended area and boost the efficacy for prolonged time. The in silico verified the HA binding to the CD44 receptor at binding sites A and B in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The NF of encapsulated Cyclosporine in thiolated chitosan (TC) with the outermost coating of hyaluronic acid (HA) was formulated and characterized. Results So, the zeta analysis revealed a particle size of 192 nm and PDI of 0.433, zeta potential of 38.9mV. FTIR and Raman investigations also support the existence of hydrophobic groups, porous surfaces, and non-clumping characteristics. While XRD verified its crystallographic nature while SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical nanoparticles with sleek exteriors. DSC demonstrated the stability of NF at high temperatures. The NF showed 85% drug encapsulation followed Higuchi release model for therapeutic moiety at acidic pH for a maximum of 72 hours. When compared to raw Cyclosporine, the in vitro tumor cell inhibition of ThC-HA encapsulated with Cyclosporine was tested using an MTT dye on normal breast epithelial cells compared to triple-negative breast cancer cells. Conclusion This novel formulation improved the long-term viability, effectiveness, and active targeting as an effective and potent therapeutic moiety against cancer.

Aspirin/amoxicillin loaded chitosan microparticles and polydopamine modified titanium implants to combat infections and promote osteogenesis

“…1 C and D). A possible reason for this finding may be that chitosan microspheres have pores 39 , and under the premise of the same chitosan dosage, the larger diameter of double drug-loaded microspheres will have larger pores, which would lead to the faster release of amoxicillin; however, the presence of amoxicillin will compete with aspirin for release from the pores, which would slow the release rate of aspirin.…”