Anticancer Agents in Combination with Statins

Adnan, Md.; Mohammad, Kabir Imtiazul; Manik, Mohammad Emdad Hossain

doi:10.4172/jbb.1000345

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…One of the common manifestations of living cells is the generation of harmful pro-oxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced either due to the biological dysfunctions or as a result of cellular metabolisms (byproducts) [ 1 ]. Such free radicals may induce oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and lead to several life-threatening conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and other chronic diseases [ 2 , 3 ]. In regards to preventing oxidative stress, antioxidants with adequate scavenging capacity have been used for appropriate balancing through regulation of oxidation or auto-oxidation processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties

Adnan

Azad

et al. 2020

Life

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Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) is a potential source of bioactive constituents and natural antioxidant. The current study determined the impact of various solvents on extraction yield, recovery of polyphenol and flavonoid, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties of Kenaf leaves and seed. The powder of leaves and seed was separately extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water solvent. Among them, the ethanol extract of leaves and seed showed the highest extraction yield, and their GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 55 and 14 bioactive compounds, respectively. The total polyphenols (TP) and flavonoids (TF) content were quantified by a spectrophotometric technique where water extracts displayed a noteworthy amount of TP and TF content compared to other extracts. A similar demonstration was noticed in antioxidant activity, evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. In addition, cytotoxicity and anti-lung cancer activity were identified against mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH3T3) and human lung cancer (A549) cells. All extracts of leaves and seed were observed as non-toxic to the NIH3T3 cells, but slight toxicity was expressed by n-hexane extracts at the optimum dose (1000 µg/mL) of treatment. In parallel, n-hexane and ethanol extracts (leaves and seed) exposed promising anti-lung cancer activity at the same concentration. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was assessed using disc diffusion assay, and seed extracts exhibited a significant inhibition zone against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Overall, Kenaf seed extracted with polar solvents was found very potent in terms of important bioactive compounds and pharmacological aspects, which can be an excellent biological matrix of natural antioxidants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties

Adnan

Azad

et al. 2020

Life

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“…However, response may not be satisfactory because to treat human cancer high doses of statins (10-100 mM) need to be used. Moreover, statins can cause anorexia and death in some individuals when serum concentrations reached levels higher than 20-25 mM (215,216). An efficient strategy that might increase therapeutic window of statins in cancer patients is its combination with conventional chemotherapy in those cancers where altered aberrant cholesterol metabolism is linked to oncogenic…”

Section: Combinatory Therapy a Strategy To Improve Therapeutic Windomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mevalonate Pathway, a Metabolic Target in Cancer Therapy

et al. 2021

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A hallmark of cancer cells includes a metabolic reprograming that provides energy, the essential building blocks, and signaling required to maintain survival, rapid growth, metastasis, and drug resistance of many cancers. The influence of tumor microenviroment on cancer cells also results an essential driving force for cancer progression and drug resistance. Lipid-related enzymes, lipid-derived metabolites and/or signaling pathways linked to critical regulators of lipid metabolism can influence gene expression and chromatin remodeling, cellular differentiation, stress response pathways, or tumor microenviroment, and, collectively, drive tumor development. Reprograming of lipid metabolism includes a deregulated activity of mevalonate (MVA)/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in specific cancer cells which, in comparison with normal cell counterparts, are dependent of the continuous availability of MVA/cholesterol-derived metabolites (i.e., sterols and non-sterol intermediates) for tumor development. Accordingly, there are increasing amount of data, from preclinical and epidemiological studies, that support an inverse association between the use of statins, potent inhibitors of MVA biosynthetic pathway, and mortality rate in specific cancers (e.g., colon, prostate, liver, breast, hematological malignances). In contrast, despite the tolerance and therapeutic efficacy shown by statins in cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment demands the use of relatively high doses of single statins for a prolonged period, thereby limiting this therapeutic strategy due to adverse effects. Clinically relevant, synergistic effects of tolerable doses of statins with conventional chemotherapy might enhance efficacy with lower doses of each drug and, probably, reduce adverse effects and resistance. In spite of that, clinical trials to identify combinatory therapies that improve therapeutic window are still a challenge. In the present review, we revisit molecular evidences showing that deregulated activity of MVA biosynthetic pathway has an essential role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, and the potential use of MVA pathway inhibitors to improve therapeutic window in cancer.

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“…sector is a large energy consumer, accounting for 35 to 45 percent of the refinery's total consumption (Liuvia et al, 2014). Pinch technology has demonstrated exceptional success in the works of Adnan et al (2017), Ajao andAkande (2009), andAdejoh et al (2013), in which considerable amounts of energy were recovered, resulting in a cost-effective design. In the works of and Tibasiima and Okullo (2017), better energy recovery was accomplished in the food industry, indicating that wherever heating and cooling occurs, there is a potential opportunity.…”

Section: Hamidu U; Ahmed S I; Hamza U Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where 𝑑 , is the specific gravity of the stream at 15 O C, 𝑡 is the mean temperature in O C and 𝐶𝑝 is the specific heat in kcal/kg O C (Adnan et al 2017).…”

Section: 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑚 𝑥 𝐶𝑝 …mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Integration of Crude Distillation Unit of a Refining and Petrochemical Company in Northern Nigeria

Hamidu¹,

Ahmed²,

Hamza³

2022

jasem

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Most Nigerian refineries were constructed before pinch technology was developed, hence, the design were not optimal, leading to high energy loss. The objective of this work is to evaluate energy integration of crude distillation unit (CDU) of a refining and petrochemical company in Northern Nigeria using pinch analysis by utilising HINT software. Minimum heating and cooling demand of 32251.1 kW and 29637.9 kW at the pinch point of 506.5 K was evaluated from the composite curve, grand composite curve and the cascade diagram. The region of overlap in the composite curve indicates a total of 108,945 kW as the possible energy that can be recovered in the process. Existing utility demand of the unit was 96,873.5 kW, after heat integration it reduces to 61,889 kW, this showed 36.11 % energy saving with a total operating cost of US$4,560,766.5 that could be saved (annually). Minimum approach temperature (DTmin) analysis results showed an optimum DTmin of 15 K which resulted in a total annual cost of US$6,715,700. Furthermore, the analysis showed the effect of DTmin on energy, area, minimum number of units and cost targets. The design objective of the retrofit heat exchanger network (HEN) was set toward maximum energy recovery. A total of twenty (20) heat exchangers made up the new network, which comprises of twelve (12) process to process heat exchangers, two (2) heaters and six (6) coolers.

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Anticancer Agents in Combination with Statins

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves and Seed as a Potential Source of the Bioactive Compounds: Effects of Various Extraction Solvents on Biological Properties

The Mevalonate Pathway, a Metabolic Target in Cancer Therapy

Energy Integration of Crude Distillation Unit of a Refining and Petrochemical Company in Northern Nigeria

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