Anticancer Activity of Lichen Metabolites and Their Mechanisms at the Molecular Level

Kim, Hangun; Kim, Kyung Keun; Hur, Jae‐Seoun

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_11

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Usnic acid is well-known as medicinal lichen secondary metabolite and is a potentially interesting candidate to use in cancer treatment [6]. The activity of usnic acid has been investigated in various pathways including cytotoxicity, regulation of the cell cycle, stimulation of cell death, modulating mechanisms of immune activity, angiogenesis and energy metabolism [7]. Usnic acid can inhibit tumor cell growth, metastasis, and proliferation, and induce the apoptosis of different cancer cells through a signaling cascade of death receptor-mediated extrinsic and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase pathways [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2

2020

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer types among women. Recent researches have focused on determining the efficiency of alternative molecules and miRNAs in breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of usnic acid response-miR-185-5p on proliferation in the breast cancer cell and to determine its relationship with apoptosis pathway. Methods: The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis rate were significantly increased following the ectopic expression of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells. Furthermore, the results of cell cycle assay performed by flow cytometry revealed that the transfection with miR-185-5p induced G1/S phase arrest. The apoptosis-related genes expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR and the direct target of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells was identified by western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Our data showed that miR-185-5p can cause significant changes in apoptosis-related genes expression levels, suggesting that cell proliferation was suppressed by miR-185-5p via inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. According to western blot results, miR-185-5p lead to decrease BCL2 protein level in BT-474 cells and direct target of miR-185-5p was identified as BCL by luciferase reporter assay. Conclusion: This study revealed that miR-185-5p may be an effective agent in the treatment of breast cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2

2020

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“…However, these therapeutic methods have some unwanted side effects, including the exposure of nonmalignant cells to cytotoxic agents (Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer, which is a major disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011), can be treated by methods like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, these therapeutic methods have some unwanted side effects, including the exposure of nonmalignant cells to cytotoxic agents (Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of some studies, lichens and their secondary metabolites have demonstrated cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and an increment in cell death by inducing apoptosis or necrosis (Nguyen et al, 2014;Ari et al, 2014;Coskun et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2015;Kılıç et al, 2016). The mechanism of many anticancer drugs in the pharmaceutical industry is based on their ability to induce apoptosis (Motomura et al, 2008;Florea and Busselberg, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in apoptosis-related gene expression profiles in cancer cell lines exposed to usnic acid lichen secondary metabolite

Dinçsoy¹,

Cansaran-Duman²

2017

Turk J Biol

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The presence of uninhibited side effects of cancer drugs often used in cancer treatment has stimulated the search for alternative therapeutic approaches. Therefore, anticarcinogenic effects of synthetic, herbal, and fungal drugs have been investigated for the treatment of various cancer types in recent studies. Lichens, symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae, synthesize metabolites with significant biological activities. The aim of the current study was to screen the anticancer potential of usnic acid on various types of nonmalignant cell lines (Vero, L929) and cancer cell lines (CaCo2, RD, Hep2C, HepG2, Wehi). The growth inhibitory effect of usnic acid was determined by MTT assay. Since this study was also designed to explore mRNA expression profiles, this paper is the first to look into the effects of usnic acid on apoptotic gene expression. The effects of usnic acid on the gene expression patterns of the tumor suppressor gene p53, proapoptotic gene Bcl-2, and Bax were studied with qRT-PCR. There was an approximately ninefold decrease in the p53 and Bcl-2 expression for usnic acid in the Wehi cancer cell line. Consequently, it is concluded that usnic acid has tumor inhibitory properties, and if indicated by further works like animal studies and clinical trials, it may be used therapeutically in the future.

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“…Recent studies on the bioactivity properties of many lichen species indicate that lichens are a valuable source of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical potential. Over the past decade, an increase in the research on antimicrobial (Rankovic et al 2009, Mitrovic et al 2011, Stojanovic et al 2013, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and anticancer (Molnar & Farkas 2010, Shrestha & St. Clair 2013, Shukla et al 2010) biological activities of lichens and lichen metabolites is quite remarkable (Kim et al 2015b). In the "Catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances" by Elix (2014), 854 compounds were described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity properties of Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. lichen extracts from different locations in Turkey

Özyiğitoğlu¹

2017

Mycosphere

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The levels of bioactivity in lichens can change in response to environmental stress. For this reason, it was decided to compare the activity levels of Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. (Parmeliaceae) samples collected from six different localities in Turkey and the factors that may be effective. We also questioned our opinion that antibacterial activity is not directly proportional to the effectiveness of the antibiotic. The in vitro antibacterial activity and antibiofilm effect of diethyl ether (DE) and chloroform-methanol-acetone (CMA) extracts of the lichen H. tubulosa were explored against two pathogenic microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus-ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis-ATCC 29212. Antibacterial activity was screened by disk diffusion method through the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm inhibitory potency of the extracts was measured by spectrophotometrically. Most of the tested extracts of H. tubulosa demonstrated inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. faecalis as strong as antibiotics. Differences of the findings depending on locality, habitat and extract variables were evaluated. The most antibacterially active samples were from Bursa (Location 4 and 6), both DE and CMA extracts with MIC values of 100 μg/ml, did not show inhibition effect against the bacterial biofilm. CMA extract of the Bolu sample (Location 3) with lower antibacterial effect, significantly reduced biofilm formation of both strains measured with lower absorbance levels compared to control groups. This result confirms that the samples with low antibacterial activity have more inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. In addition, different results were obtained according to localities among the samples of the same lichen species. Environmental factors influence the active substances produced by lichens. The results of this study present evidences of antibiofilm potential as well as strong antibacterial effect of H. tubulosa as promising source of antibacterial drugs.

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Anticancer Activity of Lichen Metabolites and Their Mechanisms at the Molecular Level

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2

miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2

Changes in apoptosis-related gene expression profiles in cancer cell lines exposed to usnic acid lichen secondary metabolite

Comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity properties of Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. lichen extracts from different locations in Turkey

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