Anticancer activities of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera leaves: in vitro and in silico mechanistic study

Abstract

Background Moringa oleifera is a common vegetable in many countries since ancient times, possesses numerous phenolic compounds having a wide array of biological activities. It possesses anticancer activity that can be used to develop new drugs for treatment of various types of cancers. The current study was conducted to evaluate the composition of phenolic compounds and in vitro and in silico anticancer activities of M. oleifera leaves extracts. The leaves of M. oleifera were subjected to extraction for solvent fraction using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous solvents. The solvent fractions were tested for anticancer activity in vitro against Hela cancer cell line and screened for phenolic compounds through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular docking approach was employed to check binding conformations of phytochemicals against the target protein. Result The result revealed that all the solvent fractions possess in vitro anticancer activity against Hela cancer cell line. The n-hexane fraction showed a 50% reduction in Hela cancer cell viability at 416 μg mL−1 as compared to control. The extracts of solvent-fraction contained 10 phenolic compounds viz. quercetin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid. Molecular docking studies revealed that the ligands bind within the active site of target protein have good binding energy values. Conclusion This study shows that M. oleifera leaves may have the potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and improving human health in addition to food ingredient innovations. Based on in vitro and in silico results, the phytochemicals from M. oleifera leaves can be used as leading drugs to treat cancer. Graphical abstract

Comparative study among Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, and Moringa oleifera based ethanolic-extracts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

“…It contains a variety of beneficial components, including flavonoids, phenols, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), a-tocopherol, and b-carotenoids, etc. ( Alhakmani et al, 2013 , Barhoi et al, 2021 , Mumtaz et al, 2021 , Singhal et al, 2012 , Weon et al, 2015 ).…”

Using Rosemary Essential Oil as a Potential Natural Preservative during Stirred-like Yogurt Making

“…Obviously, many compounds in the plain SLY control sample (C) decreased with storage, such as Octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect [ 49 ], 1-Nonadecene, which has antifungal and anticancer effects [ 50 ], Phthalic acid derivatives, which have a role in chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treatments and illustrated its ability in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities [ 51 ] and Ethanol, 2-(octadecyloxy) (which has antimicrobial effect [ 52 ])The data in our study revealed that the addition of REO showed new compounds, such as Camphene, which inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol and has a promising potential as a lipid-lowering agent [ 53 ], 3-Carene which shows a protective effect in postharvest pathogens [ 54 ], Limonene, which has lemongrass herbal aroma, and has a curative effect on heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux [ 55 , 56 ], 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-di methyl-, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties [ 49 ], Camphor, which has an important role in cough and colds cure [ 57 ], Bornyl acetate, which has pine, woody, and camphoreous flavors [ 58 , 59 ], Caryophyllene, which has antitumor, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and fungicide properties [ 60 ], Copaene (causes an increase in antioxidant capacity of human lymphocyte [ 61 ]), Retinol (which is converted in the human body and is important in vision physiology [ 62 ]), and Aromadendrene oxide-(2) (which has anticancer activity [ 63 ]); however, the storage period declines these compounds. Furthermore, our data illustrate other compounds found in both REO and SLY control samples, which decreased with storage, such as Octadecanal 2-bromo- (which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects [ 64 ]), 1-Heptatriacotanol (which has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects [ 65 ]), Cyclic methyl boronate (which has a preservative activity [ 60 ]), 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid,2,7,10-tris(acetyloxy)-11a,2,3,4,6,7,10,11,11a-decahydro-1,1,3,6,9-penta methyl-4-oxo-4a,7aepoxy-5H-yclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f]cycloundecen-11-ylester,[1aR-], which has anti-inflammatory effect [ 64 ], Cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- (which has a promising potential as an anticancer treatment) [ 66 ], Ocimene (has a sweet herbal odor [ 67 ]), and 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trim ethyl silyl ether (which has antimicrobial activity [ 68 ]); in contrast, other compounds increase with storage, such as 9-Octadecenoic acid,(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxola...…”

“…Furthermore, our data illustrate other compounds found in both REO and SLY control samples, which decreased with storage, such as Octadecanal 2-bromo- (which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects [ 64 ]), 1-Heptatriacotanol (which has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects [ 65 ]), Cyclic methyl boronate (which has a preservative activity [ 60 ]), 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid,2,7,10-tris(acetyloxy)-11a,2,3,4,6,7,10,11,11a-decahydro-1,1,3,6,9-penta methyl-4-oxo-4a,7aepoxy-5H-yclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f]cycloundecen-11-ylester,[1aR-], which has anti-inflammatory effect [ 64 ], Cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- (which has a promising potential as an anticancer treatment) [ 66 ], Ocimene (has a sweet herbal odor [ 67 ]), and 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trim ethyl silyl ether (which has antimicrobial activity [ 68 ]); in contrast, other compounds increase with storage, such as 9-Octadecenoic acid,(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester trans (which has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties [ 69 ]), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl ester (which has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties [ 69 ]), Butanoic acid,1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro (indeed, acid compounds (including Butanoic acid) increased after either 3 or 7 days of storage [ 70 ]), 7,8-Epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- (which has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects [ 71 , 72 ]), and 6,9,12,15-docosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester (which has anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherosclerotic effects [ 73 ]). Meanwhile, other compounds were enhanced in SLY samples after REO addition, such as ester compounds (even at low concentrations, it contributed to the flavors of dairy products [ 74 ]), Eucalyptol, which has a eucalyptus, bark lavender, fresh mint -like fragrance, spicy aroma, and taste [ 52 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ,…”

Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Polyphenol-Loaded Phytosome Delivery System against Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…The efficacy is attributable to polyphenols such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Although polyphenols have antineoplastic effects, they are characterized by poor plasma membrane permeability and lipid immiscibility due to their hydrophilic nature, which limits their absorption into the target cells and also lowers their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. Moringa oleifera polyphenols (Mopp) are also degraded by digestive enzymes and gastric fluids when administered orally [ 15 ].…”