Anticancer Activities of Extract from Amaranthus viridis L.

Abstract

Amaranthus viridis L. is a traditional medicine in Asia. In this study, the ethyl ether fraction of A. viridis L. (EA) was tested in vitro for anticancer activity against human colon cancer HT-29 cells. HT-29 cells were treated with different concentrations of EA. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The gene expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, c-myc, p53 was determined by RT-PCR. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle assay was monitored by flow cytometry. Results indicated the EA significantly inhibited human colon cancer HT-29 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. The inhibition was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Cell death induced by EA displayed features characteristic of apoptosis and was associated with generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced expression of caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in HT-29 cells treated with EA. These findings suggest that A. viridis L. have anticancer properties and may be valuable for application in pharmaceutical industry.

Polyimide incorporated cyanate ester/epoxy copolymers for high‐temperature molding compounds

“…9f,h]. 40,46 The fracture surface morphology further confirmed that the incorporation of polyimide greatly increased the fracture toughness of CE/EP resin and performed even better under high temperature.…”

“…Epoxy and cyanate ester resins have excellent thermal and mechanical properties, but their high crosslinking density results in the high brittleness and low fracture toughness. 40,41 To make things worse, high-temperature aging reactions such as chain scission can even lower down the fracture toughness.…”

“…The K IC decreased slightly to 1.93 MPa m 1/2 when the polyimide loading further increased to 15%. Incorporation of polyimide at moderate loading (5%-10%) into the CE/EP network increased the plastic deformation of the resin, thus leading to higher fracture toughness, 40 while too much polyimide resulted in large phase separation and declined physical properties. After aged at 200 C for 10 days, all CE/EP-PI showed increased fracture toughness except for neat CE/EP resin.…”

Effect of Surface Modification on Thermal Stability, Flexural Properties, and Impact Strength of Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites

“…After silane coupling agent modification, organic functional groups were introduced on the surface of the GE, and the compatibility between the GE and epoxy matrix was increased; thus, the interfacial adhesion between the GE and epoxy matrix improved in the DGEBA/GE nanocomposites. 29,30 Figure 7 shows the relationship between the elastic modulus and GE content of the DGEBA/GE nanocomposites. The elastic moduli of the nanocomposites increased from 2.22 to 2.57 GPa (an increase of 15.8%) with the addition of 0.25 wt % pristine GE and increased from 2.22 to 2.75 GPa (an increase of 23.9%) with the addition of 0.375 wt % KH-GE.…”

Influence of thermoplastic spacer on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of carbon black filled epoxy adhesives

“…No further improvement in fracture toughness with the increasing content of PMMA-spacer, which can be explained by the occurrence of PMMAspacer agglomeration, which reduced the effectiveness of PMMA-spacer as the toughening agent at higher content. Similar findings were observed based on previous studies, where the improvement in fracture toughness properties of epoxy with the addition of thermoplastic modifier [32] or inorganic filler, [33] with the incorporation content not more than 10 vol.% of the composites.…”