Anticalculus Agents for the Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Periodontal Disease*

Abstract

If you are interested in the eradication of calculus by drugs, read this comprehensive report and evaluation Practicall! , universal agreement exists among dentists that supragingival and subgingival calculus arc the major obstacles in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. The mechanical removal from the teeth of this yellow, calcified foreign material has consumed many dental hours during the decades that clinical dentistry has been practiced. If an agent capable of interfering n i t h the formation of calculus were developed and perfected, a significant step toxvard eradication of periodontal disease might be achieved. As interest in the problem of reducing periodontal disease increased during the past two decades, attempts to locate such an agent have produced significant amounts of data. The report that will follow has been plannctl to present a comprehensive review of the investigations that concern inhibitory agent 5.The procedure for this review will follow a definite pattern of objectives:to understand the points in the forniation of calculus for interference to take placeto report the significant investigations in detail by describing the procedures utilized then, ti critical a p p r a i d of the findings will be submitted to obtain a summary of the those gained from widely accepted hypotheses; and by citing the findings; present statii\ of anti-calculus agents and the anticipations for the early future.The Review of the Literature b'liile much remains unknown about the mechanisms associated in the formation of caiculus. a conmisu4 has been e5tablished that initially there is a deposition of soft, plaque material with large numbers of microorganisms trapped in a gel-like matrix probably derived from the bacteria and the saliva. Calcification of the organisms and the interbacterial matrix leads t o the solid inaterial recognized clinicallq-as calculus.60 1. The Process of Forming Calculus 'fheilade and S~h r o e d e r~~ have described the procedure further that is followed in the formation of calculus. Initially organic matter attaches to the clean smooth surfaces of teeth as a cuticle-like membraneone homogenous in structure and with a thickness of several microns, according to Tiireski. and his group.54 Theilade and Schroeder48 suggest that this cuticle origiriates from salivary proteins. The next step, as they report it is a soft deposit, several cells thick. that always is found on the surfaces of teeth before mineralization begins. Muhlemann antl S~h n e i d e r 3~ have observed Gram-positive coccoid or rod-like microorganisins and degenerating leukocytes during this initial stage of the deposit. Subsequently, they report the appearance and gro-wth of certain filamentous organisms in the substance of the plaque.Theilade antl Schroeder, with the aid of the electron microscope, have detected bacterial plaque \vith microorganisms embedded in the homogenous intermicrobial matrix ?*As the third step, mineralization begins as foci of small crystals in the intermicrobial matrix, Muhlemann ant...

Enzymes in therapy of biofilm‐related oral diseases

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Regressão prostática pós-castração

“…Figura 1: Esquema mostrando a localização e a anatomia da próstata humana (A) (McNeal, 1969) e da próstata de camundongo, com a caracteristica divisão em lóbulos (Cunha et al, 1987).…”