Antibunching of photons in a coherent radiation field coupled to a non-degenerate parametric oscillator beyond rotating wave approximation

Abstract

Under the classical (strong) pump condition, the Hamiltonian involving the signal and the idler modes of a nondegenerate parametric oscillator is exhibited. Without using the usual rotating wave approximation (RWA), the analytical solutions of the field operators are used to investigate the antibunching of photons of the input radiation field coupled to the non-degenerate parametric oscillator. By using the symbolic calculation, the antibunching of photons for both the signal and idler modes are investigated. In particular, the effects of the inclusion of rotating wave approximated terms on the antibunching of photons are clearly indicated. To substantiate the analytical results, the temporal evolution of signal photon and idler photons , and the antibunching effects of the signal and idler modes are investigated numerically by using the QuTip 3.1.0. The exact numerical results obtained by QuTip 3.1.0 matches extremely well with those of the analytical results. The present article and hence the analytical method might be of use for investigating the situations of having ultra-strongly and deep-strongly coupled systems where the possibilities of using RWA is completely ruled out.

Photon antibunching in sixth harmonic generation

“…As stated by Gupta et al [33] in detail, higher-order antibunching is not an unusual phenomenon; rather, it can be observed in numerous simple nonlinear optical processes, such as the six-wave mixing process, the four-wave mixing process, and the second harmonic generation. Antibunching occurs in pump modes, which lose energy, whereas bunching manifests in harmonic modes, which gain energy from the pump, and vice versa: as energy decreases, noise increases [34][35][36]. All the models studied here are experimentally realizable [37,38], and the criteria for higher-order antibunching appear in terms of the factorial moment, which can be measured using homodyne photon counting experiments [37][38][39][40].…”