Antibody titers against the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 induced by BNT162b2 vaccination measured using automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay

The Effect of Smoking on Humoral Response to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

“…Similarly, smoking status did not correlate with titres of IgG against the spike protein induced by BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in the study of Modenese et al [43], or those induced by either BNT162b2 or BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine in Alqassieh et al [36]. In both the studies by Kato et al, which enrolled seven and five current smokers, respectively, there was no significant association between the titre of IgG against the spike protein induced by the vaccine and smoking habit [32,34].…”

“…Another report did not specify the enrolled population. In 17 out of 23 studies, current smokers showed significant lower antibody titre, and in a few reports, highlighted a more rapid lowering of the vaccine-elicited IgG compared with nonsmokers [19,20,[26][27][28][29][30]32,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41]43,44]. In particular, accelerated antibody decline was reported in the prospective assessments by Ferrara et al [20], Zhang et al [27], and Malavazos et al [30].…”

“…It is worth also mentioning that some studies included in this review did not detect a correlation between smoking status and postvaccination IgG titres. However, most of these reports include a very low sample size and/or proportion of smokers [25,32,34,43], or examined the antibody levels in the early weeks after the completion of vaccination cycle [25,32,43], making it difficult to appreciate possible differences between smokers and nonsmokers [20].…”

Dynamics of anti-Spike IgG antibody level after the second BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in health care workers

“…However, many countries are currently experiencing a resurgence of COVID-19, dominated first by the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant and then by Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 [ 3 , 4 ]. The increase in infections and hospitalizations of vaccinated individuals potentially stems from a combination of waning vaccine immunity over time and possible reduced vaccine effectiveness against the delta and omicron variants [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. In response to the resurgence of COVID-19, many countries are commencing administration of a third vaccination dose, and Israel was the first country to implement this in July 2021 [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Vaccine-induced humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 dramatically declined but cellular immunity possibly remained at 6 months post BNT162b2 vaccination

“…mRNA vaccines induce not only humoral immunity but also cellular immunity [5] . We previously evaluated IgG against SARS-CoV-2 SP (SP IgG) by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) before and up to 6 weeks after the first dosing with BNT162b2 vaccine [6] . In this study, we analyzed the SP IgG level against the original and Delta strains by CLEIA and 50% neutralizing titer (NT 50 ) at 6 months after vaccination.…”