Antibody therapy reverses biological signatures of COVID-19 progression

Maher, M. Cyrus; Soriaga, Leah; Gupta, Anil K.; Chen, Yi-Pei; Iulio, Julia di; Ledoux, Sarah; Smithey, Megan J.; Cathcart, Andrea L.; McKusick, Kathleen; Gustafsson, Claes; Aldinger, Melissa; Alexander, Elizabeth; Purcell, Lisa A.; Ding, Xiao; Peppercorn, Amanda; Austin, Daren; Mogalian, Erik; Yeh, Wendy W.; Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Corti, Davide; Virgin, Herbert W.; Pang, Phillip S.; Telenti, Amalio

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100721

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Further, on those lines, activated neutrophils and macrophages are predicted to play a seminal role in the pathogenesis of this multi-component disease [43]. NLR and transcriptomic profile of the whole blood have been correlated in various disease conditions like cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity [44][45][46][47][48][49]. A high NLR was also identified in our study's ARF and RHD samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Profiling system-wide variations and similarities between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever–A pilot analysis

et al. 2023

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continues to affect developing countries with low income due to the lack of resources and effective diagnostic techniques. Understanding the genetic basis common to both the diseases and that of progression from its prequel disease state, acute rheumatic fever (ARF), would aid in developing predictive biomarkers and improving patient care. To gain system-wide molecular insights into possible causes for progression, in this pilot study, we collected blood transcriptomes from ARF (5) and RHD (5) patients. Using an integrated transcriptome and network analysis approach, we identified a subnetwork comprising the most significantly differentially expressed genes and most perturbed pathways in RHD compared to ARF. For example, the chemokine signaling pathway was seen to be upregulated, while tryptophan metabolism was found to be downregulated in RHD. The subnetworks of variation between the two conditions provide unbiased molecular-level insights into the host processes that may be linked with the progression of ARF to RHD, which has the potential to inform future diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. We also found a significantly raised neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in both ARF and RHD cohorts. Activated neutrophils and inhibited Natural Killer cell gene signatures reflected the drivers of the inflammatory process typical to both disease conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Profiling system-wide variations and similarities between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever–A pilot analysis

et al. 2023

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“…This protection would be related to the functions of cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and stimulation of the antibody-mediated cellular response [ 59 ]. For instance, the administration of sotrovimab in the COMET-ICE clinical trial on susceptible variants showed that a favorable outcome was associated with a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the respiratory tract and the normalization of the expression of 10 of the genes significantly associated with the inflammatory response predictive of severe outcome in COVID-19 [ 60 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Virus-targeted Measures Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Consensus: Main Risk Factors for Poor Prognosis in COVID-19 and the Implications for Targeted Measures against SARS-CoV-2

Candel

Barreiro

Salavert

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The clinical evolution of patients infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on the complex interplay between viral and host factors. The evolution to less aggressive but better-transmitted viral variants, and the presence of immune memory responses in a growing number of vaccinated and/or virus-exposed individuals, has caused the pandemic to slowly wane in virulence. However, there are still patients with risk factors or comorbidities that put them at risk of poor outcomes in the event of having the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the different treatment options for patients with COVID-19, virus-targeted measures include antiviral drugs or monoclonal antibodies that may be provided in the early days of infection. The present expert consensus is based on a review of all the literature published between 1 July 2021 and 15 February 2022 that was carried out to establish the characteristics of patients, in terms of presence of risk factors or comorbidities, that may make them candidates for receiving any of the virus-targeted measures available in order to prevent a fatal outcome, such as severe disease or death. A total of 119 studies were included from the review of the literature and 159 were from the additional independent review carried out by the panelists a posteriori. Conditions found related to strong recommendation of the use of virus-targeted measures in the first days of COVID-19 were age above 80 years, or above 65 years with another risk factor; antineoplastic chemotherapy or active malignancy; HIV infection with CD4+ cell counts < 200/mm3; and treatment with anti-CD20 immunosuppressive drugs. There is also a strong recommendation against using the studied interventions in HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ nadir <200/mm3 or treatment with other immunosuppressants. Indications of therapies against SARS-CoV-2, regardless of vaccination status or history of infection, may still exist for some populations, even after COVID-19 has been declared to no longer be a global health emergency by the WHO.

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Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials

Ceja-Gálvez

Renteria-Flores

Nicoletti

et al. 2023

JCM

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By January of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a reported total of 6,700,883 deaths and 662,631,114 cases worldwide. To date, there have been no effective therapies or standardized treatment schemes for this disease; therefore, the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is a primary goal that must be addressed. This review aims to provide an analysis of the most efficient and promising therapies and drugs for the prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, comparing their degree of success, scope, and limitations, with the aim of providing support to health professionals in choosing the best pharmacological approach. An investigation of the most promising and effective treatments against COVID-19 that are currently available was carried out by employing search terms including “Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19” or “Viral polymerase inhibitors” and “COVID-19” in the Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases. From the current perspective and with the information available from the various clinical trials assessing the efficacy of different therapeutic options, we conclude that it is necessary to standardize certain variables—such as the viral clearance time, biomarkers associated with severity, hospital stay, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate—in order to facilitate verification of the efficacy of such treatments and to better assess the repeatability of the most effective and promising results.

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Antibody therapy reverses biological signatures of COVID-19 progression

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Profiling system-wide variations and similarities between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever–A pilot analysis

Profiling system-wide variations and similarities between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever–A pilot analysis

Expert Consensus: Main Risk Factors for Poor Prognosis in COVID-19 and the Implications for Targeted Measures against SARS-CoV-2

Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials

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