Antibody Therapy for Cancer

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being explored as an anticancer therapy of growing importance and formidable potential. The exquisite specificity of antibodies provides an ideal mechanism for targeted cancer therapy. Using hybridoma technology, antibody libraries, or transgenic mice, high‐affinity antibodies can be generated against an extensive range of targets. Recombinant technology is enabling the production of fully human mAbs, smaller mAb‐based molecules, and multifunctional fusion proteins. mAbs can target a growth factor or its receptor, initiate an immunological assault, activate apoptosis, or deliver a cytotoxic payload such as a radioisotope. Several antibody‐based therapies are now licensed to treat haematological or solid tumour malignancies. This chapter explores the structure and function of antibodies, the application of recombinant technology to mAbs and the therapeutic effects of mAbs on cancer.

The End of Cytotoxics?

“…For example, bevacizumab targets VEGF, blocking angiogenesis, and is used to treat a range of cancers. 22 Monoclonal antibodies have also been developed to target growth factor receptors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. For example, trastuzumab targets the EGFR human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is effective in HER2-positive breast cancers; cetuximab targets EGFR, inhibits its activation and is used in colorectal and head and neck cancer.…”

“…For example, trastuzumab targets the EGFR human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is effective in HER2-positive breast cancers; cetuximab targets EGFR, inhibits its activation and is used in colorectal and head and neck cancer. 22 Monoclonal antibodies also use a range of other actions, including triggering apoptosis. 22…”

“…12 Examples are presented in Table 2. 12,22,33,34 Sources: BNF, 2011; 12 Wilkins and Begent, 2002; 22 Olver, 2008; 33 Vose, et al, 2005. 34 agents with molecules or technologies that target the therapeutics to Supportive Oncology…”