Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Krammer, Florian; Srivastava, Komal; Alshammary, Hala; Amoako, Angela; Awawda, Mahmoud H.; Beach, Katherine F.; Bermudez-Gonzalez, Maria; Bielak, Dominika; Carreño, Juan Manuel; Chernet, Rachel; Eaker, Lily; Ferreri, Emily D.; Floda, Daniel; Gleason, Charles; Hamburger, Joshua; Jiang, Kaijun; Kleiner, Giulio; Jurczyszak, Denise; Matthews, Julia C.; Mendez, Wanni A.; Nabeel, Ismail; Mulder, Lubbertus C. F.; Raskin, Ariel; Russo, Kayla; Salimbangon, Ashley Beathrese T.; Saksena, Miti; Shin, Amber S.; Singh, Gagandeep; Sominsky, Levy A.; Stadlbauer, Daniel; Wajnberg, Ania; Simon, Viviana

doi:10.1056/nejmc2101667

Cited by 725 publications

(815 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…We report a 100% seroconversion rate to complete Pfizer-BioNTech and NIH-Moderna COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients on biologic monotherapy with robust serological responses. In IBD-patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, a single dose of either vaccine can induce high index values, mirroring findings from a recent HCW study 8 . We also found an association of lower antibody levels in patients with vedolizumab.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients receiving biologics

Wong

Dixon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectiveThe impact of medications on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in IBD patients is unknown, as patients with immunosuppressed states and/or treated with immunosuppressants were excluded from vaccine trials. To address this, we evaluated serological responses to COVID-19 vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (NIH-Moderna) vaccines in IBD patients enrolled in an ongoing SARS-CoV-2 sero-survey at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.DesignWe obtained sera from 48 patients who had undergone vaccination with one or two vaccine doses. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD total immunoglobulins and IgG (Siemens COV2T and sCOVG assays), anti-Spike IgG (in-house ELISA), and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Roche).ResultsAll IBD patients (15/15) who completed two-dose vaccine schedules achieved seroconversion to high levels. Two IBD patients with history of COVID-19 infections and who were seropositive at baseline seroconverted to high levels after the first dose. Concurrent biologic use was 85% (41/48), including 33% of patients (16) on TNF antagonist monotherapy, 42% (17) on vedolizumab monotherapy, 6% (3) on vedolizumab combination therapy with thiopurine, and 8% (4) ustekinumab; 1 patient was receiving guselkumab for psoriasis. Three patients (6%) were on oral steroids at the time of vaccination.ConclusionIBD patients receiving biologics can seroconvert with robust serological responses after complete Pfizer-BioNTech and NIH-Moderna COVID-19 vaccination. In IBD-patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, a single dose of either vaccine can induce high index values, mirroring findings from the general population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients receiving biologics

Wong

Dixon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The ndings aligned with previously reported immunogenicity for this vaccine across all adult age groups 16 Antibody responses to FLS and RBD viral proteins induced by each dose were also seen in PLWH who had previously been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Notably, previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in PLWH was associated with robust immune responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1-nCoV19, with GMCs exceeding by 6.49-6.84-fold those seen post booster dose in vaccine recipients who were seronegative at enrollment, as similarly recently reported in HIV-negative participants 31 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

Madhi

Koen

Fairlie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern1. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared with HIV-negative individuals2-5, and are a high-risk group for COVID-19 prevention4. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has demonstrated safety and efficacy against COVID-19 in clinical trials6-8. To date, there are no reports on the safety and immunogenicity of this, or any COVID-19 vaccine, in PLWH, and reports on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in Africa are limited9. Here, we show comparable safety and immunogenicity of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals in South Africa. Furthermore, in PLWH previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, antibody responses increased substantially from baseline following a priming dose, with modest increases after a booster dose. Full-length spike and receptor-binding domain IgG geometric mean concentrations after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in PLWH previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were 6.49–6.84-fold higher than after two doses in those who were SARS-CoV-2 naïve at enrollment. Neutralizing antibody responses were consistent with the antibody-binding responses. This is the first report of a COVID-19 vaccine specific to PLWH, and specific to Africa, and demonstrates favorable safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in PLWH.

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“…These data support and extend brief reports by others comparing the time course of the IgG Spike antibody response to the first dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 infected and naïve subjects using a cross-sectional design 20-23 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, this recommendation has been made despite the fact that trials of both COVID-19 mRNA vaccines excluded volunteers with a history of COVID-19 disease; most subjects post COVID-19 have durable immune memory; and the rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection in the 9 months since the pandemic started has been quite low. Given the scarcity of vaccines, this approach has been questioned recently and it has been suggested that subjects with a history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection receive 1 dose of the vaccine and the second dose at some future date 20-23 .…”

Section: Iintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of BNT162b2 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response and Reactogenicity in Health Care Workers with Prior COVID-19 Disease

Patel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe SARS–CoV–2 mRNA vaccines now available are highly effective at preventing infection and afford the prospect of an end to the pandemic. Vaccines are in scare supply, however. Current recommendations in the United States are that subjects with a previous history of SARS CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease should receive the full vaccine regimen. This is despite the fact that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection infection confers some degree of protection and that the immune response to the vaccine is not well studied.MethodsThe present study compared the time course and magnitude of the humoral immune response to an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2) in subjects with prior infection/COVID-19 disease (n=24) and those without prior infection (n=25). Serum anti-Spike RBD antibody and serum neutralizing activity were assessed longitudinally prior to and at 2-week intervals for 56 days post first dose of vaccine. Subjects received the standard Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine regimen i.e., two doses of 30 µg, 3 weeks apart.FindingsThe cohort with prior COVID-19 achieved robust increases in anti-Spike IgG antibody and serum neutralizing activity compared to the SARS–CoV-2 naïve cohort at day 14 post vaccine. Thereafter, the COVID-19 cohort showed relatively little further increase in humoral immunity even after the second dose such that anti-Spike IgG and neutralizing activity were similar in the 2 groups from day 28 through day 56.ConclusionsIn contrast to the responses of SARS–CoV-2 naïve subjects in whom a 2 dose regimen appears to be required to achieve robust immune protection, subjects with prior SARS–CoV-2 infection exhibit immune memory and have a robust response to the first dose of an mRNA vaccine. They may require only a single dose of vaccine.

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Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Cited by 725 publications

References 5 publications

Serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients receiving biologics

Serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in IBD patients receiving biologics

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

A Longitudinal Study of BNT162b2 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response and Reactogenicity in Health Care Workers with Prior COVID-19 Disease

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