Antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 patients

Liu, Anding; Li, Ying; Peng, Jing; Huang, Yuancheng; Xu, Dong

doi:10.1002/jmv.26241

Cited by 81 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 levels in mild MIS-C were below a threshold of 0.5 mg/mL (Figure 4, D), consistent with waning immune responses seen in adults after acute infection. 21 There was no correlation of IgG level with duration of symptoms seen in MIS-C (Figure 4, E). Children presenting with severe MIS-C tended to have broadly elevated IgG responses to a multitude of respiratory viruses, including other coronaviruses, 229E, NL63, HKU1, and OC43, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Responsementioning

confidence: 86%

Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses

Yonker

Neilan

Bartsch

et al. 2020

The Journal of Pediatrics

313

343

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives As schools plan for reopening , understanding the potential role children play in the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the factors that drive severe illness in children is critical. Study design Children ages 0-22 years with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection presenting to urgent care clinics or being hospitalized for confirmed/suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at Massachusetts General Hospital were offered enrollment in the Massachusetts General Hospital Pediatric COVID-19 Biorepository. Enrolled children provided nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and/or blood specimens. SARS-CoV-2 viral load, ACE2 RNA levels, and serology for SARS-CoV-2 were quantified. Results A total of 192 children (mean age, 10.2 AE 7.0 years) were enrolled. Forty-nine children (26%) were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection; an additional 18 children (9%) met the criteria for MIS-C. Only 25 children (51%) with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with fever; symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, if present, were nonspecific. Nasopharyngeal viral load was highest in children in the first 2 days of symptoms, significantly higher than hospitalized adults with severe disease (P = .002). Age did not impact viral load, but younger children had lower angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression (P = .004). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were increased in severe MIS-C (P < .001), with dysregulated humoral responses observed. Conclusions This study reveals that children may be a potential source of contagion in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic despite having milder disease or a lack of symptoms; immune dysregulation is implicated in severe postinfectious MIS-C.

show abstract

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Responsementioning

confidence: 86%

Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses

Yonker

Neilan

Bartsch

et al. 2020

The Journal of Pediatrics

313

343

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Through the external receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S transmembrane protein, both coronaviruses bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a primary receptor for host cell attachment and subsequent entry 1,[5][6][7] . Approaches to block or impede the viral interaction with the entry receptor ACE2 on the host cell, including S-specific neutralization antibodies (Abs) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and rhACE2 [21][22][23] , inhibit infectivity and prevent COVID-19.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating ACE2-expressing Exosomes Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection as an Innate Antiviral Mechanism

El-Shennawy

Hoffmann

Dashzeveg

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with innate and adaptive immune response triggered in such patients by viral antigens. Both convalescent plasma and engineered high affinity human monoclonal antibodies have shown therapeutic potential to treat COVID-19. Whether additional antiviral soluble factors exist in peripheral blood remain understudied. Herein, we detected circulating exosomes that express the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in plasma of both healthy donors and convalescent COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that exosomal ACE2 competes with cellular ACE2 for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACE2-expressing (ACE2+) exosomes blocked the binding of the viral spike (S) protein RBD to ACE2+ cells in a dose dependent manner, which was 400- to 700-fold more potent than that of vesicle-free recombinant human ACE2 extracellular domain protein (rhACE2). As a consequence, exosomal ACE2 prevented SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus tethering and infection of human host cells at a 50-150 fold higher efficacy than rhACE2. A similar antiviral activity of exosomal ACE2 was further demonstrated to block wild-type live SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of note, depletion of ACE2+ exosomes from COVID-19 patient plasma impaired the ability to block SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to host cells. Our data demonstrate that ACE2+ exosomes can serve as a decoy therapeutic and a possible innate antiviral mechanism to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.

show abstract

“…However, an unknown proportion of individuals experience no symptoms [6][7][8]. Antibody responses in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are detectable in the blood 14-28 days after infection [9,10]. Subsequently, antibody levels drop and can become undetectable by some antibody assays in the early convalescent phase [9,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The progression and geographical distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere is unknown because typically only symptomatic individuals are diagnosed. We performed a serological study of blood donors in Scotland in the spring of 2020 to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as a marker of past infection and epidemic progression. Aim: Our objective was to determine if sera from blood bank donors can be used to track the emergence and progression of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Methods: A pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay was used to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The study comprised samples from 3,500 blood donors collected in Scotland between 17 March and 18 May 2020. Controls were collected from 100 donors in Scotland during 2019. Results: All samples collected on 17 March 2020 (n = 500) were negative in the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay. Neutralising antibodies were detected in six of 500 donors from 23 to 26 March. The number of samples containing neutralising antibodies did not significantly rise after 5-6 April until the end of the study on 18 May. We found that infections were concentrated in certain postcodes, indicating that outbreaks of infection were extremely localised. In contrast, other areas remained comparatively untouched by the epidemic. Conclusion: Although blood donors are not representative of the overall population, we demonstrated that serosurveys of blood banks can serve as a useful tool for tracking the emergence and progression of an epidemic such as the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

show abstract

Antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 patients

Cited by 81 publications

References 10 publications

Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses

Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses

Circulating ACE2-expressing Exosomes Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection as an Innate Antiviral Mechanism

Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About