Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Gobbi, Federico; Buonfrate, Dora; Moro, Lucía; Rodari, Paola; Piubelli, Chiara; Caldrer, Sara; Riccetti, Silvia; Sinigaglia, Alessandro; Barzon, Luisa

doi:10.3390/v13030422

Cited by 161 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…As has also been reported in a few independent studies 24,25 , we observed comparable and robust IgG responses to spike RBD and NTD in both naïve and previously infected people after full immunization with an mRNA vaccine 24,25 . Previously, we and others have shown that levels of RBD antibodies correlated well to the magnitude of the neutralizing antibodies in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections 19–22,26 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Multiple reports have surfaced recently that previously infected individuals may not need or benefit from a second dose of an mRNA vaccine 24,[44][45][46][47][48] . Our data, by contrast, shows that 1/3 rd of previously infected individuals did not produce detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies after the first dose (Figure 3A, Group 1); after the second dose, however, 40% of these non-responders produced neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data, by contrast, shows that 1/3 rd of previously infected individuals did not produce detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies after the first dose (Figure 3A, Group 1); after the second dose, however, 40% of these non-responders produced neutralizing antibodies. A lack of increased spike binding antibody level after the second dose in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 has also been cited as evidence that the second dose is unnecessary 24,49,50 . Our data also shows a stable or declining antibody levels after the second dose in 2/3 rd of previously infected individuals (Figure 3A, group 2 or 3), a result that has also been noted by other 49,51,52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induces Robust Specific and Cross-reactive IgG and Unequal Strain-specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Naïve and Previously Infected Recipients

Narowski

Raphel

Adams

et al. 2021

Preprint

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With the advance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the outlook for overcoming the global COVID-19 pandemic has improved. However, understanding of immunity and protection offered by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against circulating variants of concern (VOC) is rapidly evolving. We investigated the mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses against the referent WIV04 (Wuhan) strain, circulating variants, and human endemic coronaviruses in 168 naive and previously infected people at three-time points. Samples were collected prior to vaccination, after the first and after the second doses of one of the two available mRNA-based vaccines. After full vaccination, both naive and previously infected participants developed comparable robust SARS-CoV-2 specific spike IgG levels, modest IgM and IgA binding antibodies, and varying degrees of HCoV cross-reactive antibodies. However, the strength and frequency of neutralizing antibodies produced in naive people were significantly lower than in the previously infected group. We also found that 1/3rd of previously infected people had undetectable neutralizing antibodies after the first vaccine dose; 40% of this group developed neutralizing antibodies after the second dose. In all subjects neutralizing antibodies produced against the B.1.351 and P.1 variants were weaker than those produced against the reference and B.1.1.7 strains. Our findings provide support for future booster vaccinations modified to be active against the circulating variants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induces Robust Specific and Cross-reactive IgG and Unequal Strain-specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Naïve and Previously Infected Recipients

Narowski

Raphel

Adams

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main limitations of this study are represented by the number of subjects included and the short observation time, which does not permit any inference on vaccine efficacy over time. Antibody persistence will be analyzed in ongoing longitudinal studies, which allows the evaluation of the factors affecting magnitude and persistence of the immune response such as previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus [ 27 , 28 ], age and gender [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

et al. 2021

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The BNT162b2 vaccine, containing lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, has been employed to immunize health care workers in Italy, administered in two doses 21 days apart. In this study, we characterized the antibody response induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of health care workers, tested at baseline, after the first dose and after the booster. Thirty-nine subjects without previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine. IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) were tested by ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies were evaluated testing the inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2. Antibody avidity was measured by urea avidity ELISA. IgM anti-RBD are produced after the first dose of vaccine and persist after the booster. IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are detected in high amounts in all the subjects after the first dose and further increase after the booster. A few subjects, already after the first dose, produce antibodies inhibiting RBD interaction with ACE2. After the booster, high levels of inhibitory antibodies are detected in all the subjects. Affinity maturation takes place with boosting and IgG anti-RBD avidity increases with the number of immunizations. A less pronounced increase is observed with IgA. These data indicate that the BNT162b2 vaccine can induce high levels of protective antibodies of high avidity in vaccinated subjects; both IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are produced. Further studies are needed to evaluate antibody persistence over time.

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“…Recent studies conducted in small samples of immunocompetent adults showed higher levels of S-protein IgG after a single jab in individuals with prior COVID-19 than in those without prior COVID-19. 5,23 Our pilot study with 136 residents was the only one to include NH residents. 16 The current study is innovative because it includes a large sample of NH residents and evaluates the effect on antibody response of (i) the time elapsed since COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and (ii) the persistence of a natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 N-protein at the time of the first vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response after one and two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort-19 study

Bousquet

Blain

Tuaillon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Methods: Twenty-two French nursing homes were included. COVID-19 had been diagnosed with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Blood S-protein IgG and nucleocapsid (N) IgG protein (N-protein IgG) were measured 21-24 days after the first jab (1,004 residents) and 6 weeks after the second (820 residents). Results: Among the 735 residents without prior COVID-19, 41.7% remained seronegative for S-protein IgG after the first jab vs 2.1% of the 270 residents with a previous positive RT-PCR (p<0.001). After the second jab, only 3% of the 586 residents without prior COVID-19 remained seronegative. However, 26.5% of them had low S-protein IgG levels (50-1050 UA/mL) vs 6.4% of the 222 residents with prior COVID-19. Residents with old infection (first wave), or seropositive for N-protein IgG at the time of vaccination, had the highest S-protein IgG levels. Residents with a prior COVID-19 infection had higher S-protein IgG levels after one dose than those without two jabs. Interpretation: A single vaccine jab is sufficient to reach immunity in residents with prior COVID-19. Most residents without prior COVID-19 are seropositive for S-protein IgG after the second jab, but around 30% have low levels of S-protein IgG. Whether residents with no or low post-vaccine immunity are at higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 requires further analysis.

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Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 161 publications

References 18 publications

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induces Robust Specific and Cross-reactive IgG and Unequal Strain-specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Naïve and Previously Infected Recipients

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induces Robust Specific and Cross-reactive IgG and Unequal Strain-specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Naïve and Previously Infected Recipients

BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers

Antibody response after one and two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in nursing home residents: The CONsort-19 study

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